NCERT Class 11 Political Science — Chapter 4: Election and Representation

Regarding "Universal Adult Franchise" in India, consider the following statements: 1. The original Constitution set the voting age at 21 years. 2. The voting age was reduced to 18 years by an amendment in 1989. 3. The Constitution permits discrimination in voting rights based on educational qualifications. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

What does the term "Delimitation" refer to in the context of elections?

Which body works in collaboration with the Election Commission to determine the boundaries of constituencies?

Consider the following statements about the Election Commission's power to postpone elections: 1. It can postpone elections in a specific State if the atmosphere is vitiated. 2. This power was exercised in 2002 regarding the Gujarat Assembly elections. 3. The Supreme Court ruled against the Election Commission's decision to postpone the Gujarat elections. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the criteria used by the Delimitation Commission, consider the following pairs: Pair | Group | Criteria for Reserving Constituency A | Scheduled Tribes | Constituencies with the highest proportion of ST population B | Scheduled Castes | Constituencies with higher SC population, spread across different regions C | Women | Constituencies with the lowest sex ratio D | Religious Minorities | Constituencies with historical significance How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched based on the Constitutional provisions discussed?

In the administrative structure for elections at the State level, who appoints the Chief Electoral Officer?

Which body is responsible for identifying the specific constituencies to be reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes?

In the context of Rajya Sabha elections, consider the following statements: 1. To be declared a winner, a candidate must secure a specific quota of votes. 2. The voters are the ordinary citizens of the respective State. 3. If a candidate fails to secure the quota in the first round, the candidate with the lowest first-preference votes is eliminated. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following pairs regarding electoral systems and their features: Pair | System | Feature A | Proportional Representation (Israel) | Voters vote for a party, not a candidate B | First Past the Post (India) | Voters vote for a candidate C | Proportional Representation (Argentina) | Country divided into multi-member constituencies D | First Past the Post (UK) | Country treated as a single constituency How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

What was the primary reason for the Constituent Assembly's preference for the First Past the Post (FPTP) system?

Which formula represents the quota required to win a seat in the Rajya Sabha elections?

According to Article 324 of the Constitution, the Election Commission is vested with which of the following powers? 1. Superintendence of the electoral rolls. 2. Conduct of elections to the Parliament and State Legislatures. 3. Conduct of elections to the offices of President and Vice-President. 4. Conduct of elections to local bodies.

Consider the following functions. Which of them are performed by the Election Commission of India? 1. Preparation of the voters’ list. 2. Determination of the timing of elections. 3. Recognition of political parties and allotment of symbols. 4. Transfer of administrative officers during the election process.

Consider the following statements regarding the "Delimitation Commission": 1. It is appointed by the President. 2. It works in collaboration with the Election Commission. 3. Its main purpose is to conduct the polling on election day. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of democratic elections, the "impartial umpire" refers to:

Consider the following statements regarding the Election Commission's independence: 1. The CEC is appointed by the Chief Justice of India to ensure neutrality. 2. The Constitution provides security of tenure to the CEC. 3. The EC has an independent staff cadre and does not rely on government officers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which electoral system operates on the principle that the candidate securing the highest number of votes wins, even without an absolute majority?

Consider the following statements regarding the reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies: 1. The Constitution originally provided for reservation for a period of 10 years. 2. The number of reserved seats is decided arbitrarily by the Election Commission. 3. Reservation is provided for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the "Model Code of Conduct": 1. It is a set of laws passed by the Parliament. 2. It is implemented by the Election Commission. 3. It applies only to the ruling party. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of the "First Past the Post" (FPTP) system followed in India, consider the following statements: 1. A candidate must secure more than 50% of the total votes polled to be declared the winner. 2. The party winning the highest number of seats corresponds exactly to its share of votes in the country. 3. It is possible for a party to win a majority of seats in the legislature with a minority of the total popular vote. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following is a valid legal ground for disqualifying a person from contesting elections in India?

Why is the Proportional Representation (PR) system often considered less suitable for ensuring a stable executive?

Which electoral system is used for the election of members to the Rajya Sabha?

With reference to the composition of the Election Commission of India (ECI), consider the following statements: 1. It has always been a multi-member body since 1950. 2. The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) has veto power over the other Election Commissioners. 3. The Election Commissioners are appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Council of Ministers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the context of impeachment or removal, what does "Special Majority" imply?

Match the following terms with their descriptions: Pair | Term | Description A | Universal Adult Franchise | Right to vote for all adult citizens B | Delimitation | Drawing up boundaries of constituencies C | Model Code of Conduct | Rules implemented by EC during elections D | Multi-member Commission | Structure of EC since 1993 How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

The Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 seeks to amend the Constitution to provide reservation for women in which representative bodies?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the First Past the Post (FPTP) system?

Consider the following statements regarding the "Single Transferable Vote" (STV) system used for Rajya Sabha: 1. Every voter ranks candidates according to preference. 2. A candidate requires 51% of the total votes to win. 3. Votes of the eliminated candidate are transferred to the second preference. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Which of the following terms is used interchangeably with the First Past the Post system of elections?

Which Article of the Constitution establishes the Election Commission of India?

Which authority is constitutionally empowered to remove an Election Commissioner, other than the Chief Election Commissioner?

In the Proportional Representation system followed in Israel, voters primarily cast their vote for:

How can the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) be removed from office before the expiry of their term?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Election Commission of India?