The correct Answer is Only three pairs
Explanation
Electoral systems determine how votes are translated into seats in a legislature. The two primary types are the First Past the Post (FPTP) system and Proportional Representation (PR) system, each with distinct features regarding voter choice and constituency structure.
Statement-wise Analysis
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Pair A: Proportional Representation (Israel) - Voters vote for a party, not a candidate
Correct. In Israel's Proportional Representation system, voters cast their ballot for a political party. Seats in the Knesset are then allocated to parties based on their national vote share, and parties select their representatives from pre-determined lists.
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Pair B: First Past the Post (India) - Voters vote for a candidate
Correct. In India's First Past the Post system, voters directly choose a candidate in their constituency. The candidate who secures the most votes in that constituency wins the election, irrespective of whether they achieve an absolute majority.
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Pair C: Proportional Representation (Argentina) - Country divided into multi-member constituencies
Correct. Many Proportional Representation systems, including those in countries like Argentina, divide the country into multi-member constituencies. In these constituencies, multiple representatives are elected, and seats are allocated proportionally to the votes received by parties.
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Pair D: First Past the Post (UK) - Country treated as a single constituency
Incorrect. In the First Past the Post system, as practiced in the UK, the country is divided into numerous single-member constituencies. Voters in each constituency elect one representative. The concept of the entire country being treated as a single constituency is characteristic of some forms of Proportional Representation, such as the national list system, but not FPTP.
Key Takeaway
The First Past the Post system typically involves single-member constituencies where voters choose a candidate, while Proportional Representation systems often involve multi-member constituencies or a single national constituency where voters primarily choose a party.