The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) is a set of guidelines issued by the Election Commission of India to regulate political parties and candidates prior to elections. Its primary objective is to ensure free and fair elections by preventing the misuse of official machinery and maintaining ethical standards during campaigning.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Model Code of Conduct is not a law passed by the Parliament. It is a set of guidelines evolved with the consensus of political parties. While it does not have statutory backing, certain provisions within the MCC may correspond to offenses under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) or the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The Election Commission of India (ECI) is responsible for implementing the MCC. It comes into force immediately from the time the election schedule is announced by the Commission and remains in operation until the completion of the election process. The ECI derives its power to enforce these instructions under Article 324 of the Constitution.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The MCC applies to all political parties and candidates, not just the ruling party. However, it contains specific guidelines for the "Party in Power" (both at the Centre and in the States) to ensure that no cause is given for any complaint that the ruling party has used its official position for the purposes of its election campaign.
Key Takeaway:
The Model Code of Conduct is a non-statutory set of guidelines enforced by the Election Commission of India that applies to all political parties and candidates to ensure a level playing field.