The correct option is Voters choose a party, not a candidate..
Explanation
The First Past the Post (FPTP) system, also known as the Plurality System, is the electoral method used for the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies in India. Under this system, the country is divided into specific geographical units, and the candidate with the highest number of votes wins.Analysis of Options:
- Voters choose a party, not a candidate. is NOT a characteristic: In the FPTP system, voters cast their vote for a specific candidate. Although candidates are usually affiliated with political parties, the voter's choice is explicitly linked to an individual representative. Voting for a party (often without specific candidate preference) is a characteristic of the Proportional Representation (PR) system, particularly the List System.
- Small geographical constituencies. is a characteristic: The entire country is divided into small geographical units known as constituencies. Each constituency elects a single representative.
- Winner takes all, even with less than 50% votes. is a characteristic: The victory condition is based on plurality, not an absolute majority. A candidate wins by securing more votes than any other candidate, even if the total vote share is less than 50%.
- Accountability of the representative to the constituency. is a characteristic: Because specific individuals are elected from specific areas, there is a direct link between the representative and the constituency, ensuring accountability to the local voters.
Key Takeaway:
The FPTP system is defined by single-member constituencies where voters elect individual candidates based on a plurality of votes, distinguishing it from Proportional Representation where voters often select parties based on proportional vote share.