Correct Option
The correct option is Two-thirds of those present and voting, and a simple majority of the total membership of the House.
Explanation
The Constitution of India mandates a "Special Majority" for the removal of certain independent constitutional authorities to ensure security of tenure and protect them from arbitrary executive action. This specific type of majority is outlined in Article 124(4) regarding the removal of Supreme Court Judges, which also applies to the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).
Analysis
- Two-thirds of those present and voting, and a simple majority of the total membership of the House. is Correct: The removal of the CEC and CAG requires a motion to be passed by each House of Parliament supported by a dual condition:
- A majority of the total membership of that House (absolute majority, i.e., more than 50% of the total strength); AND
- A majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting.
- Two-thirds of the total membership of the House. is Incorrect: A majority of "two-thirds of the total membership of the House" is a stricter requirement applicable exclusively to the Impeachment of the President under Article 61.
- Simple majority of the total membership of the House. is Incorrect: A "simple majority of the total membership" is not a standard constitutional definition for removal; ordinary bills require a simple majority of members present and voting.
- Three-fourths of those present and voting. is Incorrect: "Three-fourths" is not a prescribed majority for removal or impeachment in the Indian Constitution.
Key Takeaway: The removal of the CEC, CAG, and Judges requires a Special Majority comprising both an absolute majority of the House's total membership and a two-thirds majority of those present and voting.