Given Least Count (LC) = 0.1 mm.
When jaws touch, the zero of the vernier scale is to the right of the main scale zero, indicating a positive zero error.
Zero error (e) = +(n×LC), where n is the coinciding vernier division.
e=+(4×0.1)=+0.4 mm.
While measuring the cylinder:
Main Scale Reading (MSR) = 15 divisions.
Assuming 1 MSD = 1 mm (standard for LC=0.1 mm), MSR=15 mm.
Vernier Scale Reading (VSR) = 5×LC=5×0.1=0.5 mm.
Observed Reading = MSR+VSR=15+0.5=15.5 mm.
True Measured Length = Observed Reading − Zero Error
True Length = 15.5−0.4=15.1 mm.