Speed of the car, v=54×185=15 m/s.
In the frame of the car, the pendulum bob experiences a pseudo force (centrifugal force) horizontally outwards and the gravitational force downwards.
Let T be the tension in the string and θ be the angle it makes with the vertical. For equilibrium in the car's frame, the horizontal and vertical forces balance:
Tsinθ=rmv2
Tcosθ=mg
Dividing the two equations, we get:
tanθ=rgv2
Substituting the given values v=15 m/s, r=20 m, and g=10 m/s2:
tanθ=20×10(15)2=200225=1.125
θ=tan−1(1.125)
Answer: tan−1(1.125)