Calculate each thermodynamic quantity:
A. Reversible isothermal expansion (2 mol, 2→20 dm³, 300 K):
W=nRTln(V2/V1)=2×8.314×300×ln(10)=2×8.314×300×2.303=11,481 J ≈ 11.5 kJ → II
B. Irreversible isothermal expansion (1 mol, 1→3 m³, 3 kPa constant pressure):
W=PextΔV=3000×(3−1)=6000 J = 6 kJ → III
C. Adiabatic expansion (1 mol, ΔT = -320 K, CV=23R):
ΔU=nCV∣ΔT∣=1×23×8.314×320=3,991 J ≈ 4 kJ → I
D. Enthalpy change (1 mol, ΔT = 337 K, Cp=25R):
ΔH=nCpΔT=1×25×8.314×337=7,016 J ≈ 7 kJ → IV
Matching: A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV