In fractional distillation, the temperature of the fractionating column decreases from bottom to top. As the vapours of the mixture rise, they cool and undergo condensation.
The component with the higher boiling point condenses at a higher temperature, meaning it condenses earlier (lower down the column) than the component with the lower boiling point. Thus, Statement I is true.
As the vapours rise up the fractionating column, the higher boiling component continuously condenses and falls back as liquid, while the lower boiling (more volatile) component remains in the vapour phase and continues to rise. Therefore, the vapours rising up the column become richer in the lower boiling component, not the high boiling component. Thus, Statement II is false.
Hence, Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
Answer: Statement I is true but Statement II is false