The +3 oxidation state of lanthanide is most stable and therefore lanthanide in +4 oxidation state has strong tendency to gain e− and converted into +3 and therefore act as strong oxidizing agent. e.g.Ce+4 And therefore CeO2 is used to oxidized alcohol aldehyde and ketones. Lanthanide in +2 oxidation state has strong tendency to loss e− and converted into +3 oxidation state therefore act as strong reducing agent. ∴EuSO4 act as strong reducing agent.