Circular loop with radius r=0.07 m in magnetic field B=0.2 T.
Initial flux through circular loop: Φ1=B×πr2=0.2×π(0.07)2=0.000980π Wb
The loop is converted to a square maintaining the same perimeter: C=2πr=0.14π m
Side of square: a=40.14π=0.035π m
Final flux through square loop: Φ2=B×a2=0.2×(0.035π)2=0.2×0.001225π2 Wb
Evaluating: Φ1=0.2×0.0154=0.00308 Wb
Φ2=0.2×0.001225×9.87=0.00242 Wb
Change in flux: ΔΦ=0.00308−0.00242=0.00066 Wb
Average EMF: ε=ΔtΔΦ=0.50.00066=0.00132 V =1.32 mV