| Techniques/Instruments | Usage |
| Bioreactor | It is used for the large scale production of desired products |
| Electrophoresis | Separation of DNA fragments based on molecular size. Large fragments are found near the cathode, while smaller fragments are found near the anode. |
| PCR | It is also called amplifier as it is responsible for Amplification of nucleic acids. |
| ELISA | Detection of the pathogen, based on antigen-antibody reaction. It is one of the confirmatory tests for detection of HIV. |