NCERT Class 12 History — Chapter 4: Peasants, Zamindars and the State - Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c. 16th - 17th centuries)

With reference to the crops cultivated in the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements: 1. The term jins-i kamil referred to perfect crops or cash crops like cotton and sugarcane. 2. Maize was introduced into India via Africa and Spain during the seventeenth century. 3. Tobacco was unknown in northern India before the reign of Aurangzeb. 4. The Mughal state discouraged the cultivation of cash crops to ensure food security. Which of the statements given above are correct?

In the context of Mughal relations with forest-dwelling communities, the term peshkash referred to which of the following?

In the Mughal village administration, the functionary who assisted the muqaddam by maintaining the village accounts was called the:

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Term) | List II (Meaning) A. Asami | 1. Scavenger B. Mandal | 2. Peasant/Cultivator C. Majur | 3. Village Headman D. Halalkhoran | 4. Agricultural labourer

With reference to the classification of peasants in the Mughal agrarian society, consider the following statements: 1. Khud-kashta were residents of the village in which they held their lands. 2. Pahi-kashta were the hereditary owners of the village lands. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the silver rupee in Mughal India: 1. The Mughal state was unable to extract taxes in cash due to a shortage of silver. 2. The stability of the silver rupee was facilitated by the import of silver bullion. 3. Silver bullion from the New World was strictly prevented from entering India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

In the Ain-i Akbari, the term suyurghal refers to: 1. Revenue assessed in cash. 2. Grants of revenue in charity. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the Mughal land revenue system, consider the following statements: 1. Jama was the amount collected, while Hasil was the amount assessed. 2. The office of the diwan was responsible for supervising the fiscal system of the empire. 3. The state preferred to collect revenue in cash. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The term naqdi in the Ain-i Akbari refers to:

In the Mughal administration, the official known as amil-guzar was primarily responsible for:

In the administrative system of the Ahom kingdom of Assam, the term paiks referred to which of the following categories of people?

Consider the following statements regarding the Ain-i Akbari: 1. It was authored by Akbar’s court historian Abu’l Fazl. 2. It was completed in the first regnal year of the emperor. 3. It presents a view of the agrarian society from the perspective of the state. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Who among the following officials was primarily responsible for supervising the preparation of village accounts in the Mughal village administration?

Which one of the following crops arrived first in the Deccan and then spread to northern India in the early years of the seventeenth century?

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Land Category) | List II (Description) A. Banjar | 1. Land annually cultivated for each crop B. Parauti | 2. Land fallow for three or four years C. Polaj | 3. Land left out of cultivation for a time to recover D. Chachar | 4. Land uncultivated for five years and more

With reference to the status of women in the Mughal agrarian society, consider the following statements: 1. Women were strictly barred from inheriting zamindaris in Bengal. 2. Marriages in many rural communities required the payment of bride-price rather than dowry. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Region) | List II (Feature/Crop) A. Punjab | 1. Famous for sugar B. Bengal | 2. Lohani tribe trade C. Western India | 3. Spread of cotton cultivation D. Central India | 4. Introduction of Maize

Consider the following statements regarding the removal of the village headman (muqaddam) in the Mughal period: 1. The zamindar had the sole authority to dismiss the headman at will. 2. The village elders could dismiss the headman if he lost their confidence. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Book Name) | List II (Content) A. Sipah-abadi | 1. Imperial household and its maintenance B. Mulk-abadi | 2. Military and civil administration C. Fifth Book | 3. Fiscal side of the empire and revenue rates D. Manzil-abadi | 4. Akbar’s auspicious sayings

Consider the following statements regarding irrigation works: 1. The shahnahr in the Punjab was repaired during the reign of Shah Jahan. 2. In most cases, peasants had to dig their own water courses as the state provided no support. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The terms raiyat, muzarian, and asami were used in Indo-Persian sources to denote:

Which of the following crops were introduced into India from the "New World" during the 17th century? 1. Tomatoes 2. Potatoes 3. Chillies 4. Pineapple Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Consider the following statements regarding the military strength of zamindars as per the Ain-i Akbari: 1. Zamindars were prohibited from building fortresses. 2. They maintained armed contingents comprising cavalry, artillery, and infantry. 3. The total combined military strength of zamindars was substantial. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the correlation between caste and poverty in the Mughal village: 1. There was no correlation between caste and poverty at the lower strata. 2. Caste hierarchies were often fluid at the intermediate levels. 3. Castes like Ahirs and Gujars succeeded in rising in the hierarchy. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Within the structure of Abul Fazl’s Ain-i Akbari, which area of Mughal governance is addressed in the section known as Mulk-abadi?

In the administrative compendium Ain-i Akbari, the section known as Sipah-abadi primarily contains which of the following?

In the context of land classification in medieval India, the term kharbandi refers to:

Consider the following statements regarding women's labor in agrarian society: 1. Women sowed, weeded, threshed, and winnowed the harvest. 2. There were no ritual restrictions on women regarding agricultural tools. 3. Commercialized products like cotton reduced the demand for women's labor. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

With reference to the role of women in the zamindari system, consider the following statements: 1. Women were entitled to inherit property under Islamic law. 2. The zamindari of Rajshahi was exclusively held by men. 3. Women actively participated in the rural land market in Punjab. Which of the statements given above are correct?

With reference to Abu’l Fazl’s methodology in compiling the Ain-i Akbari, consider the following statements: 1. He relied on a wide range of sources, including official documents. 2. He accepted oral testimonies without any verification. 3. Numeric data were reproduced in words to minimize transcriptional errors. Which of the statements given above are correct?

In medieval Indian society, the term halalkhoran was commonly used to refer to which category of people?

The term peshkash in the context of the Mughal relationship with forest tribes referred to:

In Mughal sources, which one of the following terms was used to describe a fortified place of refuge, often associated with forests and resistance?

With reference to the flow of silver into India during the 16th and 17th centuries, consider the following statements: 1. The expansion of trade with Europe resulted in a massive influx of silver bullion into India. 2. India had large natural resources of silver which were further supplemented by imports. 3. The silver rupya was marked by extreme volatility and scarcity. 4. The Italian traveller Giovanni Careri noted that all gold and silver circulating in the world eventually centered in India. Which of the statements given above are correct?

In the social structure of early modern Bihar, the mallahzadas, described as a community comparable to slaves, were traditionally associated with which occupation?

In the context of the power of zamindars during the Mughal period, the term qilachas refers to:

In the Mughal revenue administration, the official responsible for ensuring that imperial regulations were implemented in the provinces was known as:

With reference to jins-i kamil, which of the following crops were considered "perfect crops" par excellence? 1. Cotton 2. Bajra 3. Wheat 4. Oilseeds Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Land Category) | List II (Definition) A. Polaj | 1. Land uncultivated for five years and more B. Chachar | 2. Land fallow for three or four years C. Parauti | 3. Annually cultivated land D. Banjar | 4. Land left out for a time to recover

The term Mandal was used interchangeably with which other term in the Mughal village administration?

In the Mughal administrative hierarchy, a pargana represented:

In seventeenth-century records, the Gauravas of Uttar Pradesh are noted for:

Consider the following statements regarding caste mobility in the agrarian society of the 17th century: 1. The Gauravas of Uttar Pradesh sought Rajput status. 2. Ahirs and Gujars were barred from owning land due to their caste. 3. Sadgops and Kaivartas in eastern regions were relegated to the status of untouchables. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?