Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
In the Mughal administration, as detailed in Abul Fazl's Ain-i Akbari, land revenue assignments were categorized based on their purpose. While some lands were reserved for the state (Khalisa) or assigned to officials in lieu of salary (Jagir), others were granted as benevolence to support the learned and the destitute.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect.
Revenue assessed in cash is generally associated with the Zabt system or referred to as Naqdi. The term suyurghal does not refer to the method of assessment (cash vs. kind) but rather to a specific category of land tenure or grant.
- Statement 2 is Correct.
The term suyurghal refers to grants of revenue in charity. These grants were also known as Madad-i-Maash. They were given to scholars, religious men, and persons of noble lineage who had no other means of livelihood. Unlike Jagirs, these grants were not conditional on service (civil or military) and were often hereditary.
Key Takeaway
Suyurghal (or Madad-i-Maash) refers to revenue-free land grants given for charitable purposes to scholars and religious institutions during the Mughal era.