With reference to the Mughal land revenue system, consider the following statements: 1. Jama was the amount collected, while Hasil was the amount assessed. 2. The office of the diwan was responsible for supervising the fiscal system of the empire. 3. The state preferred to collect revenue in cash. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The correct option is 2 and 3 only Explanation The Mughal land revenue system was the backbone of the empire's economy. It involved a sophisticated mechanism of assessment (Jama) and actual collection (Hasil), managed by a centralized bureaucracy headed by the Diwan. Statement-wise Analysis: - Statement 1 is Incorrect. The terms have been reversed in the statement. In Mughal administration: - Jama denoted the assessed revenue or the estimated income that the state expected to collect. - Hasil denoted the actual amount collected or realized. There was often a discrepancy between the two, with Hasil usually being less than the Jama. - Statement 2 is Correct. The Diwan (specifically the Diwan-i-Kul or Wazir) was the chief finance minister responsible for the empire's revenue and expenditure. His office supervised the entire fiscal system, checked the accounts of provincial Diwans, and managed the payment of salaries. - Statement 3 is Correct. While systems like Batai (crop-sharing) existed, the Mughal state, particularly under the Zabti system, preferred to collect revenue in cash. Cash collection facilitated the smooth payment of salaries to the Mansabdars and the maintenance of the standing army. The revenue rates were often fixed in cash based on local prices. Key Takeaway: Jama is the estimated assessment, while Hasil is the actual collection. The Mughal administration favored cash payments to support a monetized economy and centralized bureaucracy.

NCERT Class 12 History — Chapter 4: Peasants, Zamindars and the State - Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c. 16th - 17th centuries)

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With reference to the Mughal land revenue system, consider the following statements:

Jama was the amount collected, while Hasil was the amount assessed.
The office of the diwan was responsible for supervising the fiscal system of the empire.
The state preferred to collect revenue in cash.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 and 2 only
B2 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct option is
2 and 3 only

Explanation

The Mughal land revenue system was the backbone of the empire's economy. It involved a sophisticated mechanism of assessment (Jama) and actual collection (Hasil), managed by a centralized bureaucracy headed by the Diwan.

Statement-wise Analysis:

Statement 1 is Incorrect.
The terms have been reversed in the statement. In Mughal administration:
- Jama denoted the assessed revenue or the estimated income that the state expected to collect.
- Hasil denoted the actual amount collected or realized.
There was often a discrepancy between the two, with Hasil usually being less than the Jama.
Statement 2 is Correct.
The Diwan (specifically the Diwan-i-Kul or Wazir) was the chief finance minister responsible for the empire's revenue and expenditure. His office supervised the entire fiscal system, checked the accounts of provincial Diwans, and managed the payment of salaries.
Statement 3 is Correct.
While systems like Batai (crop-sharing) existed, the Mughal state, particularly under the Zabti system, preferred to collect revenue in cash. Cash collection facilitated the smooth payment of salaries to the Mansabdars and the maintenance of the standing army. The revenue rates were often fixed in cash based on local prices.

Key Takeaway:
Jama is the estimated assessment, while Hasil is the actual collection. The Mughal administration favored cash payments to support a monetized economy and centralized bureaucracy.

Your note

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The correct option is
2 and 3 only

Explanation

Statement-wise Analysis:

Statement 1 is Incorrect.
The terms have been reversed in the statement. In Mughal administration:
- Jama denoted the assessed revenue or the estimated income that the state expected to collect.
- Hasil denoted the actual amount collected or realized.
There was often a discrepancy between the two, with Hasil usually being less than the Jama.
Statement 2 is Correct.
The Diwan (specifically the Diwan-i-Kul or Wazir) was the chief finance minister responsible for the empire's revenue and expenditure. His office supervised the entire fiscal system, checked the accounts of provincial Diwans, and managed the payment of salaries.
Statement 3 is Correct.
While systems like Batai (crop-sharing) existed, the Mughal state, particularly under the Zabti system, preferred to collect revenue in cash. Cash collection facilitated the smooth payment of salaries to the Mansabdars and the maintenance of the standing army. The revenue rates were often fixed in cash based on local prices.