With reference to jins-i kamil, which of the following crops were considered "perfect crops" par excellence? 1. Cotton 2. Bajra 3. Wheat 4. Oilseeds Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Option The correct option is 1 and 4 only . Explanation In the agrarian history of the Mughal Empire, crops were broadly classified based on their revenue potential and market value. The term jins-i kamil literally translates to "perfect crops." These were high-value cash crops that the Mughal state encouraged peasants to cultivate because they yielded higher tax revenue compared to staple food crops (jins-i ghalla). Statement-wise Analysis - 1. Cotton: Correct. Cotton was considered a jins-i kamil par excellence. It was a primary cash crop grown over vast swathes of territory (e.g., Central India and the Deccan plateau) and was essential for the textile industry, a major export sector. - 2. Bajra: Incorrect. Bajra (millet) is a coarse grain. In the Mughal classification, coarse grains like bajra and jowar were often grown for subsistence, particularly in drier regions with less rainfall. They were not considered high-value "perfect crops" for revenue generation. - 3. Wheat: Incorrect. While wheat is a superior food grain compared to millets, it was primarily classified as a food crop (jins-i ghalla) rather than a cash crop in the specific context of jins-i kamil. The distinction emphasizes crops grown specifically for the market (cash crops) versus those grown for sustenance. - 4. Oilseeds: Correct. Oilseeds (such as mustard and sesame) were cultivated as cash crops and fell under the category of high-value crops encouraged by the state for their commercial value. Note: According to standard history, cotton and sugarcane are cited as the quintessential examples of jins-i kamil. Oilseeds and lentils are also mentioned as cash crops. Since Bajra is definitely a coarse subsistence grain, options containing it are eliminated. Key Takeaway Jins-i kamil refers to high-revenue cash crops like cotton, sugarcane, and oilseeds, which the Mughal state promoted over subsistence food crops (jins-i ghalla) to maximize revenue collection.

With reference to jins-i kamil, which of… - NCERT Class 12 History MCQ

NCERT Class 12 History — Chapter 4: Peasants, Zamindars and the State - Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c. 16th - 17th centuries)

mcqeasy

With reference to jins-i kamil, which of the following crops were considered "perfect crops" par excellence?

Cotton
Bajra
Wheat
Oilseeds

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

NCERT textbook question

From NCERT Themes in Indian History - 2 · Page 200

Options

A1, 2 and 3 only
B2, 3 and 4 only
C1 and 4 only
D1, 2, 3 and 4

Did you get this right?

Solution

Correct Option

The correct option is

1 and 4 only

Explanation

In the agrarian history of the Mughal Empire, crops were broadly classified based on their revenue potential and market value. The term jins-i kamil literally translates to "perfect crops." These were high-value cash crops that the Mughal state encouraged peasants to cultivate because they yielded higher tax revenue compared to staple food crops (jins-i ghalla).

Statement-wise Analysis

1. Cotton: Correct. Cotton was considered a jins-i kamil par excellence. It was a primary cash crop grown over vast swathes of territory (e.g., Central India and the Deccan plateau) and was essential for the textile industry, a major export sector.
2. Bajra: Incorrect. Bajra (millet) is a coarse grain. In the Mughal classification, coarse grains like bajra and jowar were often grown for subsistence, particularly in drier regions with less rainfall. They were not considered high-value "perfect crops" for revenue generation.
3. Wheat: Incorrect. While wheat is a superior food grain compared to millets, it was primarily classified as a food crop (jins-i ghalla) rather than a cash crop in the specific context of jins-i kamil. The distinction emphasizes crops grown specifically for the market (cash crops) versus those grown for sustenance.
4. Oilseeds: Correct. Oilseeds (such as mustard and sesame) were cultivated as cash crops and fell under the category of high-value crops encouraged by the state for their commercial value.

Note: According to standard history, cotton and sugarcane are cited as the quintessential examples of jins-i kamil. Oilseeds and lentils are also mentioned as cash crops. Since Bajra is definitely a coarse subsistence grain, options containing it are eliminated.

Key Takeaway

Jins-i kamil refers to high-revenue cash crops like cotton, sugarcane, and oilseeds, which the Mughal state promoted over subsistence food crops (jins-i ghalla) to maximize revenue collection.

Your note

More from Chapter 4: Peasants, Zamindars and the State - Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (c. 16th - 17th centuries)

With reference to the crops cultivated in the Mughal Empire, consider the following statements: 1. The term jins-i kamil referred to perfect crops or cash crops like cotton and sugarcane. 2. Maize was introduced into India via Africa and Spain during the seventeenth century. 3. Tobacco was unknown in northern India before the reign of Aurangzeb. 4. The Mughal state discouraged the cultivation of cash crops to ensure food security. Which of the statements given above are correct?

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With reference to the classification of peasants in the Mughal agrarian society, consider the following statements: 1. Khud-kashta were residents of the village in which they held their lands. 2. Pahi-kashta were the hereditary owners of the village lands. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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