The steps of the translation mechanism are:
Activation of amino acids: In the presence of enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (E), a specific amino acid (AA) binds with ATP.
AA1+ATP→Mg+2AminoacylsynthetaseAA1−AMP−Enzymecomplex+PPi
b) Charging of tRNA: The AA1–AMP–E1 complex reacts with specific tRNA. Thus, the amino acid is transferred to tRNA. As a result, the enzyme and AMP are liberated. It is also called aminoacylation of tRNA.
AA1−AMP−Enzymecomplex+tRNA→AA1−tRNA+AMP+Enzyme