The first law of thermodynamics is based on

In an adiabatic process:

A container has two chambers of volumes $V_1=2$ litres and $V_2=3$ litres separated by a partition made of a thermal insulator. The chambers contains $n_1=5$ and $n_2=4$ moles of ideal gas at pressures $p_1=1 \mathrm{~atm}$ and $p_2=2 \mathrm{~atm}$, respectively. When the partition is removed, the mixture attains an equilibrium pressure of :

An oxygen cylinder of volume 30 litre has 18.20 moles of oxygen. After some oxygen is withdrawn from the cylinder, its gauge pressure drops to 11 atmospheric pressure at temperature $27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The mass of the oxygen withdrawn from the cylinder is nearly equal to : [Given, $R=\frac{100}{12} \mathrm{~J} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1} \mathrm{~K}^{-1}$, and molecular mass of $O_2=32,1 \mathrm{~atm}$ pressure $\left.=1.01 \times 10^5 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}\right]$

Two gases $A$ and $B$ are filled at the same pressure in separate cylinders with movable pistons of radius $r_A$ and $r_B$, respectively. On supplying an equal amount of heat to both the systems reversibly under constant pressure, the pistons of gas $A$ and $B$ are displaced by 16 cm and 9 cm , respectively. If the change in their internal energy is the same, then the ratio $\frac{r_A}{r_B}$ is equal to

Three identical heat conducting rods are connected in series as shown in the figure. The rods on the sides have thermal conductivity $2 K$ while that in the middle has thermal conductivity $K$. The left end of the combination is maintained at temperature $3 T$ and the right end at $T$. The rods are thermally insulated from outside. In steady state, temperature at the left junction is $T_1$ and that at the right junction is $T_2$. The ratio $T_1 / T_2$ is