Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
Consider the following statements regarding the regulation of markets and economic interactions: 1. Laws are enacted solely to protect the profit margins of producers without regard for consumers. 2. State intervention is often required in markets to prevent the exploitation of vulnerable groups. 3. The chain of markets linking producers to buyers involves buying and selling at every step. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the concept of 'Minimum Wages' in India, consider the following 1. The primary objective of the minimum wage law is to ensure that workers are not underpaid by their employers. 2. Once set, the minimum wages remain fixed for a period of ten years to ensure stability. 3. This law is intended to protect the interests of various types of workers, including farm labourers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of the Indian textile industry, 'Power Looms' are best described as:
With reference to the role of Workers' Unions, consider the following statements: 1. They allow workers to use combined power to demand better working conditions. 2. They are strictly prohibited by law in the informal sector such as domestic work. 3. They facilitate bargaining for fair wages. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the framework of governmental functions, which term refers to ensuring that laws enacted by the legislature are implemented and complied with?
With reference to the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016, consider the following statements: 1. It bans the employment of children below the age of 14 years only in hazardous occupations. 2. It prohibits the employment of adolescents in hazardous occupations and processes. 3. Violating the ban is a cognizable offence. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What is the primary purpose of the online portal 'PENCIL' launched by the government in 2017?
Consider the following statements regarding the punishment for violating the ban on child labour under the 2016 Amendment Act: 1. The jail term for violating the Act can range from six months to two years. 2. The fine imposed for the violation is limited to a maximum of ₹10,000. 3. The penalty is applicable only to factories employing more than 100 workers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The constitutional prohibition of begar and other forms of forced labour is rooted in which of the following Fundamental Rights?
According to the 2011 Census, approximately how many children in India aged between 5 and 14 were working in various occupations?
The highly poisonous gas that leaked from the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal on 2 December 1984 was:
Consider the following statements regarding the aftermath of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy: 1. The Union Carbide (UC) company immediately accepted full responsibility for the disaster. 2. The Supreme Court of India ruled that the settlement amount of $470 million would stand. 3. The toxic chemicals left behind have been fully cleaned up by the successor company. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following factors contributed to the high death toll in the Bhopal Gas Tragedy? 1. Deliberate ignoring of essential safety measures to cut costs. 2. Malfunctioning of safety devices. 3. Location of the plant in a populated locality.
What was the primary rationale for permitting the establishment of the Union Carbide plant in a populated area in Bhopal?
With reference to the role of the government in safety laws, consider the following: 1. The government is responsible for both making and enforcing safety laws. 2. Article 21 of the Constitution explicitly excludes industrial safety from the purview of the Right to Life. 3. In the Bhopal case, government inspectors repeatedly rejected the procedures in the plant before the tragedy. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Prior to the 1984 Bhopal Gas Tragedy, how was the environment largely treated in the Indian industrial legal framework?
In the case of Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar (1991), the Supreme Court held that:
Consider the following statements regarding the shift in environmental liability in India post-Bhopal: 1. The concept of 'polluter pays' was introduced, holding polluters accountable for environmental damage. 2. Environmental laws were significantly relaxed to encourage economic recovery. 3. The courts began to interpret the Right to a healthy environment as intrinsic to the Fundamental Right to Life. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What is a primary reason for the relocation of hazardous industries from developed to developing countries?
Which of the following industries are being relocated to South Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan? 1. Pesticides 2. Asbestos 3. Processing of Zinc and Lead 4. Ship-breaking
The phrase "Constitution as a Living Ideal" or "Living Document" implies that:
Consider the following statements regarding legal cases and the rights they established or expanded under Article 21: 1. The Olga Tellis case established the Right to Livelihood as part of the Right to Life. 2. The Subhash Kumar case primarily dealt with the Right to Education. 3. The Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samiti case is related to the Right to Shelter. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following rights have been interpreted by the courts as part of the Fundamental Right to Life (Article 21)? 1. Right to Health 2. Right to Livelihood 3. Right to Shelter 4. Right to Education
In the context of the textile industry in Ahmedabad, what led to the closure of a majority of textile mills during the 1980s and 1990s?
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was originally enacted in which year before its 2016 amendment?
Under the 2016 Amendment, adolescents are defined as persons between the ages of:
Consider the following statements about the Bhopal Gas Tragedy survivors: 1. Many survivors developed severe respiratory disorders and eye problems. 2. Children born after the tragedy developed peculiar abnormalities. 3. A large number of people became too sick to work. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The "Right to Life" is guaranteed under which Article of the Indian Constitution?
The Supreme Court’s order requiring the use of CNG for vehicles in Delhi was intended chiefly to achieve which of the following objectives?
The ship-breaking industry is primarily engaged in which of the following activities?
Which of the following is a "cognizable offence" under the 2016 Child Labour Amendment?
The "Right against Exploitation" in the Constitution prohibits which of the following? 1. Forced labour. 2. Employment of children under 14 years in factories. 3. Payment of low wages in the context of forced labour.
The Platform for Effective Enforcement for No Child Labour (PENCIL) portal has been launched in connection with which of the following government initiatives?
With reference to principles governing environmental protection and liability, what does the Polluter Pays Principle imply?
The Supreme Court judgment in Olga Tellis vs. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985) is significant for establishing which of the following?
Consider the following statements regarding the government's role in social justice: 1. It must make appropriate laws to protect the weak. 2. It must enforce laws effectively to ensure compliance. 3. It must regulate the activities of private companies to prevent unfair practices. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?