The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Workers' Unions (Trade Unions) are voluntary associations formed primarily to regulate the relations between workmen and employers. In India, the right to form associations or unions is a Fundamental Right under Article 19(1)(c) of the Constitution. These bodies function as pressure groups to safeguard the interests of workers through collective action.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct. The primary objective of a Workers' Union is to leverage the collective strength of its members. By uniting, workers can exert pressure on employers to demand better working conditions, safety standards, and social security, which would be difficult for an individual worker to achieve alone.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect. There is no law that strictly prohibits the formation of unions in the informal sector. The right to form unions under Article 19(1)(c) extends to all citizens, subject to reasonable restrictions (e.g., for armed forces or police). Workers in the informal sector, such as domestic workers, agricultural labourers, and construction workers, have the legal right to organize and register unions under the Trade Unions Act, 1926, although they often face practical challenges in doing so.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Facilitating collective bargaining for fair wages is a core function of Workers' Unions. They negotiate with management regarding pay scales, bonuses, and other financial benefits to ensure workers receive fair compensation for their labour.
Key Takeaway: The right to form Workers' Unions is a Fundamental Right applicable to both the formal and informal sectors; it is not prohibited by law for unorganized workers like domestic help.