The correct option is (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Explanation
Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty. The Supreme Court, through a liberal interpretation, has expanded the scope of "life" beyond mere animal existence to include the right to live with human dignity. Consequently, various socio-economic rights have been recognized as implied fundamental rights under Article 21.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Supreme Court, in cases such as State of Punjab v. Mohinder Singh Chawla (1997) and Parmanand Katara v. Union of India (1989), held that the Right to Health and timely medical assistance is an integral part of the Right to Life.
- Statement 2 is Correct: In the landmark judgment of Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation (1985), the Court ruled that the Right to Livelihood is a part of the Right to Life because no person can live without the means of living, i.e., the means of livelihood.
- Statement 3 is Correct: In Chameli Singh v. State of U.P. (1996), the Supreme Court declared that the Right to Shelter is a fundamental right under Article 21, as shelter is essential for a dignified life and mental, physical, and intellectual growth.
- Statement 4 is Correct: Before the insertion of Article 21A via the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act (2002), the Supreme Court in Unni Krishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993) and Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka (1992) interpreted the Right to Education as flowing directly from the Right to Life.
Key Takeaway: Article 21 is an "umbrella right" that encompasses all aspects of life which go to make a man's life meaningful, complete, and worth living, including health, livelihood, shelter, privacy, and a clean environment.