The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The concept of minimum wages in India is governed primarily by the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. Constitutionally, this aligns with Article 43 of the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), which directs the State to secure a living wage and a decent standard of life for all workers.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The primary objective of the minimum wage law is to prevent the exploitation of labour. It ensures that workers are not underpaid by employers and guarantees a statutory floor for wages to meet basic subsistence needs.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Minimum wages are not fixed for a period of ten years. Under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the appropriate government is mandated to review and revise the minimum rates of wages at intervals not exceeding five years. Furthermore, adjustments for inflation (Variable Dearness Allowance) are often made more frequently (e.g., every six months).
Statement 3 is Correct:
The Minimum Wages Act applies to "scheduled employments" listed in the Act. This list is extensive and explicitly includes employment in agriculture, thereby protecting the interests of farm labourers alongside industrial workers.
Key Takeaway:
Minimum wages are a tool to ensure social justice (Article 43, DPSP) and prevent exploitation. They cover diverse sectors, including agriculture, and are subject to periodic revision (maximum 5-year interval) rather than being fixed for long terms.