Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
Which of the following best explains why the annual insolation received on 3rd January is slightly more than on 4th July?
Consider the following data regarding the Heat Budget of the Earth: 1. 35 units are reflected back from the top of the clouds. 2. 14 units are absorbed within the atmosphere. 3. 51 units are absorbed by the earth’s surface. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the heating of the atmosphere, consider the following statements: 1. Conduction is the process where heat is transferred through horizontal movement of air. 2. Convection is the process of vertical heating of the atmosphere. 3. Advection has no role in the diurnal variation of daily weather in middle latitudes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the variability of insolation at the surface of the Earth, consider the following statements: 1. The Earth receives slightly more annual insolation on 3rd January than on 4th July. 2. The variation in solar output due to the Earth's distance from the Sun has a drastic effect on daily weather changes. 3. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is one of the factors causing variations in insolation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following factors is/are responsible for the variations in insolation received at the surface of the Earth? 1. The angle of inclination of the sun’s rays 2. The transparency of the atmosphere 3. The configuration of land in terms of its aspect 4. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun has no influence on insolation variations Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following statements regarding the passage of solar radiation through the atmosphere: 1. The atmosphere is largely transparent to short wave solar radiation. 2. Water vapour and ozone in the troposphere are completely transparent to near infrared radiation. 3. The blue colour of the sky is a result of the absorption of light by water vapour. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which one of the following regions receives the maximum insolation on the Earth's surface?
The earth radiates back energy to the atmosphere in which of the following forms?
With reference to the heat balance of the Earth, how is the terrestrial radiation (51 units) returned to space? 1. 17 units are radiated to space directly. 2. 48 units are absorbed by the atmosphere and then radiated back. 3. The atmosphere absorbs terrestrial radiation solely through conduction. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following phenomena is the outcome of the 'advection' process in northern India during the summer season?
Consider the following statements regarding the latitudinal variation in the net radiation balance: 1. There is a surplus of net radiation balance only between 10 degrees North and South. 2. The regions near the poles have a deficit in radiation balance. 3. Surplus heat from the tropics is redistributed polewards preventing permanent heating of the tropics. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following factors does NOT control the temperature distribution at a place?
In climatology, what is the term used to describe the decrease in air temperature with increase in altitude under normal atmospheric conditions?
With reference to the distribution of isotherms in January, consider the following statements: 1. In the Northern Hemisphere, isotherms deviate to the north over the ocean. 2. In the Northern Hemisphere, isotherms deviate to the north over the continent. 3. The deviation of isotherms is more pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why is the annual range of temperature highest over the north-eastern part of the Eurasian continent?
Which of the following conditions is/are ideal for the phenomenon of 'Inversion of Temperature'? 1. Long winter night 2. Cloudy skies 3. Strong gusty winds Select the correct answer using the code given below:
In the context of 'Air Drainage', consider the following statements: 1. It occurs when cold air moves down the slope of hills and mountains. 2. It typically happens during the day when the sun heats the valley bottom. 3. It protects plants from frost damages. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
During the Earth’s annual revolution around the Sun, the point at which it attains its maximum distance from the Sun is termed as:
With reference to the scattering of light in the atmosphere, consider the following statements: 1. It is caused by very small-suspended particles in the troposphere. 2. It is responsible for the blue colour of the rising and setting sun. 3. It scatters the visible spectrum both to space and towards the earth's surface. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What is the primary reason that the slant rays of the sun result in less energy received per unit area compared to vertical rays?
Consider the following statements about the heating of the lower layers of the atmosphere: 1. Conduction is the least important process in heating the lower layers of the atmosphere. 2. The air in contact with the land gets heated slowly. 3. The upper layers in contact with the lower layers get heated through conduction. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for absorbing long wave radiation emitted by the Earth?
In the context of global temperature distribution, the "Normal Lapse Rate" is defined as:
Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of isotherms in the North Atlantic Ocean during January?
With reference to the specific heat of land and water, consider the following statements: 1. The variation in temperature over the sea is much greater compared to land. 2. Land heats up and cools down more quickly than the sea. 3. Places near the sea experience extreme temperature variations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the insolation received at the Earth's surface: 1. Generally, at the same latitude, insolation is more over the continent than over the oceans. 2. In winter, the middle and higher latitudes receive more radiation than in summer. 3. The subtropical deserts receive more insolation than the equator. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following pairs of dates and Earth-Sun positions is correctly matched?
Consider the following statements regarding the Earth's atmosphere: 1. It is completely opaque to short wave solar radiation. 2. It is indirectly heated by the earth’s radiation from below. 3. It retains all heat and does not radiate any back to space. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of the heat budget, what percentage of incoming solar radiation is reflected back to space before reaching the earth's surface?
With reference to the factors controlling temperature, consider the following statements: 1. Places under the influence of cold air-masses experience higher temperatures. 2. Places situated at higher elevations record lower temperatures than places near sea level. 3. Places located on the coast where warm ocean currents flow record lower temperatures. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the temperature distribution in July?
Which of the following is defined as "the energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by one Celsius"?
Consider the following statements regarding the variation of insolation: 1. The duration of the day has no effect on the amount of insolation received. 2. The more transparent the atmosphere, the more insolation reaches the surface. 3. The rotation of the earth causes daily variation in insolation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why do the slant rays of the sun pass through a greater depth of the atmosphere than vertical rays?
In the context of atmospheric heating, the term 'Terrestrial Radiation' refers to:
Which of the following processes transfers the largest amount of heat energy from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere?
Consider the following statements regarding the temperature distribution in January: 1. The mean monthly temperature is over 27° C in equatorial oceans. 2. The mean monthly temperature remains above freezing point in the Eurasian continental interior. 3. The mean monthly temperature is over 24° C in the tropics. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the isotherms in the Southern Hemisphere?
With reference to temperature inversion, consider the following statements: 1. It is usually of long duration and permanent in nature in the tropics. 2. It is a phenomenon where temperature increases with elevation. 3. Over polar areas, temperature inversion is a rare phenomenon. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following factors is LEAST likely to influence the amount of insolation received at a specific latitude?
The red colour observed during sunrise and sunset is primarily due to which atmospheric phenomenon?
Consider the following statements regarding the net radiation balance: 1. High latitudes get permanently frozen due to excess deficit of radiation. 2. Surplus heat energy from the tropics is redistributed polewards. 3. Tropics get progressively heated up despite the redistribution of heat. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following isotherms runs parallel to 35° S latitude in January?
With reference to the 'Inversion of Temperature', what is the role of gravity in air drainage?
With reference to the Earth-Sun relationship, how does the total annual insolation received by the Earth vary during the year?
Consider the following statements regarding the effect of land and sea on temperature: 1. Land heats up and cools down quickly. 2. The sea gets heated quickly and loses heat quickly. 3. Variation in temperature over the sea is greater compared to land. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of isotherms in the Northern Hemisphere during January, the deviation to the south over continents is due to:
In atmospheric processes, the mechanism of convection is primarily significant for which of the following?
Consider the following statements about the atmosphere's interaction with solar radiation: 1. Small suspended particles absorb the entire visible spectrum. 2. Water vapour and ozone absorb near infrared radiation. 3. The atmosphere is opaque to all forms of solar radiation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of the Earth’s radiation budget, the average albedo of the Earth is approximately equal to which of the following values?