Correct Option
The correct option is Longitude of the place.
Explanation
The distribution of temperature across the Earth's surface is governed by factors that influence the amount of solar radiation received (insolation) and the heat retention characteristics of a region. These factors determine the spatial variation of temperature.
Option Analysis
- Latitude of the place: This is a primary control. The angle of the sun's rays decreases poleward from the equator. Oblique rays at higher latitudes deliver less energy per unit area compared to vertical rays at the equator, resulting in lower temperatures. Therefore, latitude controls temperature.
- Altitude of the place: The atmosphere is heated indirectly by terrestrial radiation from the Earth's surface. As a result, temperature decreases with increasing height (Normal Lapse Rate). Therefore, altitude controls temperature.
- Distance from the sea: Water heats and cools more slowly than land. Coastal areas experience a moderating effect (maritime climate), while interior regions face extreme temperature variations (continental climate). Therefore, distance from the sea controls temperature.
- Longitude of the place: Longitude defines the angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian and is used to determine local time and time zones. It does not directly influence the thermal properties or climatic conditions of a location.
Key Takeaway: The major factors controlling temperature are latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, air mass circulation, and ocean currents. Longitude is a coordinate for time calculation and does not determine climatic conditions.