Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The net radiation balance of the Earth is not uniform across all latitudes. There is a net surplus of radiation in the tropical and subtropical regions (roughly between 40° N and 40° S) and a net deficit in the high latitudes and polar regions.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: To maintain a thermal equilibrium, the surplus heat energy from the tropics is redistributed polewards to the regions of deficit. This redistribution takes place through atmospheric circulation (planetary winds) and oceanic circulation (ocean currents).
- Statement 2 is Correct: The high latitudes do not get permanently frozen or cool indefinitely because of this redistribution. The transfer of heat from the tropics compensates for the radiation deficit in the polar regions.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The tropics do not get progressively heated up. The continuous transfer of excess heat towards the poles prevents the tropical regions from accumulating heat indefinitely, thereby maintaining a stable mean temperature.
Key Takeaway: The latitudinal heat balance prevents the tropics from becoming excessively hot and the poles from becoming permanently frozen by redistributing energy via wind and water systems.