The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The temperature distribution at any specific location on Earth is influenced by multiple geographical factors, including latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, air mass circulation, and ocean currents. These factors collectively determine the local thermal conditions.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The atmosphere is primarily heated indirectly by terrestrial radiation (heat radiated from the Earth's surface) rather than directly by incoming solar radiation. As a result, temperature decreases with increasing altitude. This phenomenon is known as the Normal Lapse Rate, where temperature drops by approximately 6.5°C for every 1,000 meters of ascent.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Air masses transfer the thermal properties of their source regions to the areas they traverse. Places under the influence of cold air masses experience a decrease in temperature, while those under warm air masses experience an increase in temperature.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Ocean currents significantly moderate coastal climates. Places located on coasts where warm ocean currents flow record higher temperatures because the warm water heats the overlying air. Conversely, cold ocean currents lower the temperature of adjacent coastal areas.
Key Takeaway: Altitude shares an inverse relationship with temperature (Normal Lapse Rate). The thermal impact of air masses and ocean currents is direct: warm currents and air masses raise local temperatures, while cold currents and air masses lower them.