a
This reaction is Gattermann- Koch reaction (ii) in which benzaldehye is formed. b
This reaction is haloform reaction (iii) which is given by methyl ketones and produce haloform as one of the product. c
This reaction is esterification (iv) reaction which involves the formation of ester by reaction of aldehyde and ketone.
d
This reaction is HVZ reaction (i), which involves alpha halogenation of carboxylic acid.



