Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
Consider the following statements regarding 'Modernisation' as a planning goal: 1. It implies the adoption of new technology to increase output. 2. It strictly excludes changes in social outlook. 3. It does not strictly prohibit the use of traditional methods if they are efficient. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What was the primary effect of the 'inward looking trade strategy' on the Indian consumer?
Which of the following statements about the 'First Five Year Plan' is correct?
Which of the following was a major loophole in the 'Land Ceiling' legislation? 1. Big landlords voluntarily surrendered their excess land without legal challenge. 2. Landlords registered lands in the names of close relatives to escape the ceiling. 3. The legislation faced hurdles in implementation across many states.
Which of the following was a negative outcome of the 'Permit License Raj'?
With reference to the 'Green Revolution', why was the first phase restricted to affluent states?
With reference to the goals of Five Year Plans in India, consider the following statements: 1. The goal of 'Modernisation' refers exclusively to the adoption of new technology in production processes. 2. The objective of 'Equity' aims to ensure that the benefits of economic prosperity reach the poor sections of society. 3. The first seven five-year plans completely abandoned the goal of 'Self-reliance'. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Green Revolution' in India: 1. In the first phase, the use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds was restricted to affluent states like Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. 2. The second phase of the Green Revolution was restricted to only wheat-growing regions. 3. The risk of pest attacks on HYV crops was mitigated by the services of research institutes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the Industrial Policy Resolution (IPR) 1956, consider the following statements: 1. It formed the basis of the First Five Year Plan. 2. It classified industries into three categories, with the first category comprising industries exclusively owned by the state. 3. It aimed to control the 'commanding heights' of the economy through the state. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the trade policy followed in the first seven plans, consider the following statements: 1. Tariffs were used to specify the quantity of goods that could be imported. 2. The strategy was technically known as 'Import Substitution'. 3. The policy aimed to expose domestic industries to foreign competition. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Karve Committee' of 1955: 1. It recommended the reservation of certain products for small-scale industries. 2. It rejected the possibility of using small-scale industries for rural development. 3. It defined small-scale industries based on the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to 'Land Ceiling' policy in India, consider the following statements: 1. It refers to fixing the minimum size of land which must be owned by a farmer to be eligible for subsidies. 2. Its purpose was to reduce the concentration of land ownership in a few hands. 3. Big landlords often challenged this legislation in courts to delay implementation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of the Indian economy (1950-1990), the term 'Permit License Raj' primarily refers to:
Consider the following statements regarding the debate over agricultural subsidies: 1. Critics argue that subsidies should be phased out as they burden government finances and do not reach the target group. 2. Proponents argue that subsidies should be given only to rich farmers. 3. It is generally agreed that subsidies were unnecessary even during the initial adoption of Green Revolution technology. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the sectoral composition of the Indian economy between 1950 and 1990, consider the following statements: 1. The share of agriculture in the GDP declined significantly. 2. The proportion of the population dependent on agriculture declined at the same rate as agriculture's share in GDP. 3. The service sector contributed more to GDP than agriculture or industry by 1990. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Small-Scale Industries' (SSI) policy in India: 1. SSIs are considered more capital-intensive than large-scale industries. 2. The production of certain products was reserved for SSIs to protect them from competition with large firms. 3. SSIs were given concessions such as lower excise duty and bank loans at lower interest rates. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the industrial licensing policy used to promote regional equality, consider the following statements: 1. Units in backward areas were subjected to higher tax rates. 2. It was easier to obtain a license if the industrial unit was established in an economically backward area. 3. Existing industries were free to expand output without any license to encourage growth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the role of the Public Sector in India (1950-1990): 1. The public sector was given a leading role because private industrialists lacked sufficient capital for major investments. 2. The market was large enough to encourage private industrialists to undertake major projects. 3. The public sector was expected to promote social welfare rather than just earn profits. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the concept of 'GDP' (Gross Domestic Product): 1. It is the market value of all intermediate goods and services produced in the country during a year. 2. It is derived from the contribution of all three sectors: agriculture, industry, and services. 3. It is considered a good indicator of economic growth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the goal of 'Self-reliance' in India's first seven five-year plans, consider the following statements: 1. It was considered unnecessary for India's sovereignty. 2. It meant avoiding imports of those goods which could be produced in India itself. 3. It encouraged the unlimited import of foreign technology to modernize industries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Industrial Policy Resolution 1956': 1. It was adopted to build a socialist pattern of society. 2. Industries in the second category were to be exclusively owned by the private sector. 3. The private sector was kept under state control through a system of licenses. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the 'Green Revolution', consider the following statements: 1. It failed to help India achieve self-sufficiency in food grains. 2. It resulted in the price of food grains declining relative to other items of consumption. 3. It enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build a stock. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements about the 'Service Sector' in India: 1. Usually, with development, the share of agriculture declines and industry becomes dominant. 2. In India, the share of the service sector remained lower than agriculture by 1990. 3. The structural change in India followed the exact pattern observed in developed nations where industry dominates before services. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the 'Green Revolution', consider the following statements: 1. It was primarily beneficial to pulses and oilseeds. 2. It refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of HYV seeds. 3. It made India dependent on foreign countries for food grains. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the 'Industrial Policy Resolution 1956', consider the following statements regarding the classification of industries: 1. The first category consisted of industries owned exclusively by the government. 2. The second category consisted of industries where the private sector could start new units on their own. 3. The third category consisted of remaining industries left to the private sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Land Reforms' in Kerala and West Bengal: 1. Land reforms were a complete failure in these states. 2. These states strictly implemented the policy of 'land to the tiller'. 3. Unlike other states, these states made significant efforts to reduce inequality in landholding. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the 'Green Revolution' and small farmers? 1. The government provided loans at a low interest rate to small farmers. 2. Fertilisers were taxed heavily so small farmers could not access them. 3. Research institutes were shut down to save costs.
With reference to the protection of domestic industries, consider the following statements: 1. Tariffs make imported goods more expensive. 2. Quotas restrict the price of imports rather than quantity. 3. The policy was based on the notion that developing country industries could not compete with developed economies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Public Sector' performance criticism: 1. State enterprises strictly avoided producing consumer goods like bread and shoes. 2. Public sector firms were often kept running despite incurring huge losses to protect workers' jobs. 3. The public sector was intended to prevent the concentration of economic power in private hands. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the 'Green Revolution', consider the following statements regarding the risk of increasing disparities: 1. There was a fear that it would increase disparities between small and big farmers. 2. Only small farmers could afford the required inputs. 3. The government provided loans at low interest rates to small farmers to mitigate this risk. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Economic Growth': 1. It refers to the decrease in the country's capacity to produce output. 2. A good indicator of economic growth is the steady increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 3. Growth implies a larger stock of productive capital or supporting services. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched regarding the goals of planning? | Pair | Goal | Meaning 1. | Growth | Increase in GDP 2. | Modernisation | Adoption of new technology and social change 3. | Self-reliance | Avoiding imports of goods producible domestically 4. | Equity | Ensuring benefits reach the poor Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Public Sector' and 'Private Sector' relationship in the first seven plans: 1. The public sector was to play a secondary role to the private sector. 2. The policies of the private sector were to be complimentary to those of the public sector. 3. The private sector was completely banned from operating in the industrial sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What was the primary reason for the continued dependence of a large proportion of the Indian population on agriculture until 1990?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Industrial Policy Resolution 1956' and regional equality: 1. Licenses were used to promote industry in backward regions. 2. Concessions were given only to units established in metropolitan cities. 3. The policy aimed to reduce regional disparities in industrial development. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Small-Scale Industries' (SSI): 1. They generate less employment than large-scale industries. 2. They require less capital investment than large-scale industries. 3. They required protection from large firms to survive. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to 'Equity' as a goal of planning, consider the following statements: 1. It ensures that every Indian is able to meet basic needs like food and housing. 2. It aims to increase inequality in the distribution of wealth. 3. It ensures that the benefits of economic prosperity reach the poor sections. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the 'Green Revolution', consider the following statements: 1. It refers to the increase in production of cash crops like cotton and jute. 2. It required the use of inputs in correct proportions. 3. It helped India avoid dependence on foreign countries for food. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following best explains why the service sector's share in GDP increased in India by 1990?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Land Reforms' and 'Green Revolution': 1. Green Revolution primarily addressed the issue of ownership. 2. Land reforms primarily addressed the issue of ownership and intermediaries. 3. Both initiatives were equally successful in all states of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?