The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
In the context of economic planning, particularly within India's Five Year Plans, modernisation refers to the systemic transformation of the economy to enhance productivity and the standard of living. It encompasses both the adoption of advanced techniques and progressive changes in the social framework.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Modernisation implies the adoption of new technology to increase the output of goods and services. For instance, the introduction of new agricultural technologies (Green Revolution) or advanced machinery in factories is aimed at boosting productivity.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Modernisation is not restricted to technological changes; it explicitly includes changes in social outlook. In the Indian context, this involves recognizing that women should have the same rights as men and moving away from regressive social customs that hinder development.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The primary objective of modernisation is efficiency and utility. It does not strictly prohibit the use of traditional methods if they are efficient, sustainable, or culturally significant. The focus is on improvement rather than the arbitrary rejection of tradition.
Key Takeaway:
Modernisation as a planning goal is a comprehensive concept that integrates technological upgradation (to increase output) with social modernisation (such as gender equity and rational thinking).