The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Land Ceiling legislation aimed to redistribute agricultural land by imposing upper limits on landholdings, but its effectiveness was weakened by evasion tactics and administrative constraints.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 - Incorrect. Big landlords generally resisted land ceiling laws and did not voluntarily surrender excess land without legal or procedural challenges.
- Statement 2 - Correct. Many landlords transferred or registered land in the names of close relatives to bypass the prescribed land ceiling limits.
- Statement 3 - Correct. The implementation of land ceiling laws faced serious administrative, legal, and political hurdles across several states.
Key Takeaway: The main weaknesses of land ceiling legislation lay in deliberate evasion by landlords and poor implementation across states.