In acidic medium aniline is protonated to form anilinium ion which is metadirecting (due to +I effect).
Nitration of aniline in strong acidic medium also gives m-nitroaniline because:
Held on 30 Apr 2018 · Verified 9 Jul 2026.
In absence of substituents nitro group always goes to m-position.
In electrophilic substitution reactions amino group is meta directive.
In spite of substituents nitro group always goes to only m-position.
In acidic (strong) medium aniline is present as anilinium ion.
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