Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
Consider the following statements regarding the distribution of population and land resources: 1. Ninety per cent of the world’s population occupies only thirty per cent of the land area. 2. Areas with steep slopes and rugged topography are generally densely populated. 3. Plains and river valleys are densely populated due to suitability for agriculture. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following factors are considered "Physical Factors" determining land use? 1. Topography 2. Population 3. Soil 4. Technology 5. Minerals Select the correct answer using the code given below:
With reference to 'Common Property Resources', consider the following statements: 1. Common Property Resources refer exclusively to land owned by private individuals. 2. Community lands are also known as Common Property Resources. 3. Encroachment on these lands is observed primarily to expand agricultural land in urban areas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following are cited as major threats to the environment resulting from the expansion of agriculture and construction activities? 1. Land degradation 2. Landslides 3. Soil erosion 4. Desertification Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following methods for the conservation of land resources: 1. Deforestation 2. Land reclamation 3. Regulated use of chemical pesticides 4. Checks on overgrazing Which of the methods given above are to check land degradation?
With reference to landslides, consider the following statements: 1. They are defined as the mass movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. 2. They can occur in conjunction with earthquakes and volcanoes but not floods. 3. Intense blasting has no effect on the stability of slopes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following pairs regarding the factors of soil formation: Factor | Role/Influence 1. Parent Rock | Determines colour and permeability 2. Climate | Determines accumulation of soil 3. Relief | Affects rate of humus formation 4. Time | Determines thickness of soil profile Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Which of the following combinations is required to make soil fertile? 1. Right mix of minerals 2. Organic matter 3. Intense weathering only 4. High altitude Select the correct answer using the code given below:
With reference to the process of weathering, consider the following statements: 1. It involves the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks. 2. It is caused only by temperature changes and frost action. 3. It contributes to the formation of soil. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of soil formation, which factor is primarily responsible for determining the rate of weathering and humus formation?
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below: List I (Method) | List II (Description) A. Mulching | 1. Different crops are grown in alternate rows B. Contour Barriers | 2. Stones, grass, soil are used to build barriers along contours C. Rock Dam | 3. Rocks are piled up to slow down the flow of water D. Intercropping | 4. Bare ground between plants is covered with organic matter
Which one of the following soil conservation methods involves ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to check water flow?
Consider the following statements regarding 'Terrace Farming': 1. Terrace farming is primarily practiced in coastal plains. 2. It creates flat surfaces to grow crops. 3. It helps in reducing surface run-off and soil erosion. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of soil conservation, the planting of rows of trees to check wind movement is termed as:
The practice of planting rows of trees in coastal and dry regions to check wind movement and protect soil cover is known as:
What is the primary purpose of 'Rock Dams' in soil conservation?
Which of the following is a distinct feature of 'Contour Barriers'?
The agricultural practice where different crops are grown in alternate rows and sown at different times to protect the soil from rain wash is called:
Which of the following factors leads to soil degradation? 1. Mulching 2. Overgrazing 3. Rain wash 4. Overuse of chemical fertilisers Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following statements regarding water resources: 1. The total volume of water on earth remains constant. 2. Oceans cover two-thirds of the earth's surface but account for less than 1% of fresh water. 3. Water is constantly added to the earth from outer space. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Why is only about 1 per cent of freshwater available and fit for human use?
Water shortage may be a consequence of which of the following? 1. Variation in seasonal precipitation. 2. Variation in annual precipitation. 3. Over-exploitation of water sources. 4. Contamination of water sources. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following is a method to conserve water resources by checking water losses through seepage and evaporation?
In dry regions with high rates of evaporation, which irrigation method is described as "very useful"?
Consider the following statements regarding water pollution control: 1. Forest and vegetation cover slow the surface runoff and replenish underground water. 2. Agricultural chemicals are safe and do not contaminate water bodies. 3. Water pollution can be controlled by treating effluents before releasing them. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What is the term used for the narrow zone of contact between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere that supports life?
The life-supporting system in the biosphere, where living beings are inter-related and interdependent, is known as:
Why are vultures in the Indian subcontinent considered a vital cleanser of the environment?
With reference to the distribution of natural vegetation, consider the following statements: 1. In areas of heavy rainfall, only small shrubs can survive. 2. As the amount of moisture decreases, the size of trees and their density reduces. 3. Thorny shrubs and scrubs grow in dry areas of low rainfall. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following is a characteristic adaptation of plants in dry areas with low rainfall? 1. Broad leaves to capture sunlight. 2. Deep roots. 3. Leaves with thorny and waxy surfaces. 4. Shallow root systems. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Tundra vegetation of cold Polar Regions comprises of:
Which of the following factors are cited as accelerating the process of extinction of natural vegetation and wildlife? 1. Soil erosion 2. Constructional activities 3. Tsunami 4. Landslides Select the correct answer using the code given below:
What is the primary objective of CITES?
Consider the following statements regarding forest fires: 1. They can be caused naturally by lightning. 2. Forest fires are never caused by human carelessness. 3. Observation points are ineffective in controlling forest fires. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following animals are explicitly as being poached for illegal trade of hides, skins, nails, teeth, etc.? 1. Tiger 2. Lion 3. Black buck 4. Ostrich 5. Peacock Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which one of the following terms refers to a natural area designated to protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations?
Which of the following is NOT a correct match of vegetation type and its climatic requirement?
In the context of urban rainwater harvesting, estimates suggest that a single two-hour spell of rain on a standard roof surface can conserve approximately:
Arrange the following horizons of a soil profile in their correct vertical sequence from the surface downward: 1. Sub soil with sand, silt and clay 2. Top soil with humus and vegetation 3. Parent rock 4. Weathered rock material Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following statements regarding the availability of water is correct?
The expansion of agriculture and construction activities primarily leads to which of the following environmental threats?
In the process of soil formation, the factor of 'Relief' primarily determines:
Which statement about Humus is correct?
The mass movement of rock, debris, or earth down a slope is technically referred to as:
Which one of the following is a recognized mitigation strategy to manage landslide hazards?
Programs like Social Forestry and Vanamohatasava are primarily aimed at encouraging participation at which level?
Which one of the following is NOT a direct ecological service provided by plants?
The process involving the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks by temperature changes, frost action, plants, animals, and human activity is called:
In the context of soil formation, the 'Parent Rock' primarily determines which of the following properties?
Which one of the following factors is the most significant determinant of the uneven distribution of population globally?
Method used to conserve water in agriculture:
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the "Ecosystem"?
The decline in the vulture population in the Indian subcontinent was linked to the use of which drug on livestock?
Consider the following statements about 'Biosphere Reserves': 1. They are a series of protected areas linked through a global network. 2. They focus solely on conservation and exclude any developmental activities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of soil conservation, what is the function of Trenches in Contour Barriers?
The method of ploughing parallel to the contours of a hill slope to form a natural barrier for water is termed as:
Which statement about natural vegetation distribution is correct?
Under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), approximately how many animal species are protected?
Which is an example of a Common Property Resource?
How does the density and size of vegetation generally change from regions of heavy rainfall to regions of low rainfall?
Which one of the following soil conservation measures is most effective in preventing the formation of gullies?
Consider the following statements regarding the 'Water Cycle': 1. It involves evaporation, precipitation, and run-off. 2. It causes the total volume of water on earth to increase over time. 3. It cycles water through oceans, air, and land. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which is NOT a factor affecting soil formation?
The construction of broad flat terraces on steep slopes is primarily aimed at:
The uneven distribution of population across different parts of the world is primarily attributed to varied characteristics of:
Which one of the following is the most effective strategy to control water pollution caused by industrial discharge?
Which one of the following statements accurately reflects the distribution of fresh water on Earth?