The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Terrace farming is a method of soil conservation and agriculture used on steep gradients. It involves carving out broad, flat steps or terraces on the slopes of hills and mountains to facilitate cultivation.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Terrace farming is not primarily practiced in coastal plains, as these areas are generally flat. It is a characteristic practice of hilly and mountainous regions (such as the Himalayas or the Andes) where natural flat land is unavailable.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The technique specifically involves cutting into the hill slope to create flat surfaces (steps). These flat areas provide the necessary stability for growing crops on land that would otherwise be too steep for farming.
- Statement 3 is Correct: By creating flat surfaces, the speed of water flowing down the slope is drastically reduced. This reduction in velocity decreases the kinetic energy of the water, thereby reducing surface run-off and preventing the washing away of nutrient-rich topsoil (soil erosion).
Key Takeaway:
Terrace farming is a critical soil conservation strategy employed in mountainous regions to minimize soil erosion and maximize water retention by altering the topography of slopes.