Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
Consider the following statements regarding the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" (1966-76) in China: 1. It was introduced by Mao Zedong. 2. It aimed to attract foreign professionals to work in Chinese cities. 3. Students and professionals were sent to work and learn from the countryside. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The term "Liberty Indicators" in the context of human development refers to:
With reference to the "Dual Pricing" reform process in China, consider the following statements: 1. It meant fixing prices in two ways: one for farmers and another for industrial units. 2. Farmers and industrial units were required to buy and sell fixed quantities of inputs and outputs at government-fixed prices. 3. Transactions beyond the fixed quantities were conducted at market prices. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the economic policies of Pakistan in the late 1950s and 1960s: 1. It followed a policy of strict non-interference by the government in the industrial sector. 2. It combined tariff protection for manufacturing of consumer goods with direct import controls on competing imports. 3. The introduction of the Green Revolution led to an increase in public investment in infrastructure. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What are "Township and Village Enterprises" (TVEs) in the context of the Chinese economy?
What was the primary factor responsible for the significant decline in China's population growth rate in the late 1970s?
With reference to the "Great Leap Forward" (GLF) campaign initiated in China in 1958, consider the following statements: 1. It aimed at industrialising the country on a massive scale by encouraging people to set up industries in their backyards. 2. Under this campaign, the Commune system was dismantled to encourage individual farming. 3. The campaign was supported by professionals sent from Russia who stayed until the end of the Cultural Revolution. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following terms best describes the "Commune system" introduced in China during the Great Leap Forward?
Which of the following factors is considered the principal cause behind the low sex ratio observed in India, China, and Pakistan?
Consider the following statements regarding the initiation of reforms in China, Pakistan, and India: 1. China introduced structural reforms on its own initiative, not dictated by the World Bank or IMF. 2. India and Pakistan introduced reforms under compulsion from international agencies. 3. The Chinese leadership was satisfied with the pace of growth under the Maoist rule but wanted to accelerate it further. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the introduction of the Green Revolution in Pakistan, consider the following statements: 1. It led to mechanisation in select areas. 2. It resulted in an increase in public investment in infrastructure. 3. It caused a decline in the production of foodgrains due to a focus on cash crops. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the "decentralised planning" in China: 1. It allowed for experimentation to assess the economic, social, and political costs of success or failure. 2. Reform measures were first implemented at a smaller level and then extended on a massive scale. 3. It was introduced only after the 1978 reforms. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following is NOT considered a "Liberty Indicator"?
Consider the following statements regarding the "Regional and Global Economic Groupings": 1. Nations form these groupings to strengthen their own domestic economies. 2. SAARC, European Union, ASEAN, G-8, G-20, and BRICS are examples of such groupings. 3. Developing countries consider these essential to face competition from developed nations and amongst themselves. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the "Import Substitution-based Industrialisation" in Pakistan, consider the following statements: 1. It was introduced in the late 1950s and 1960s. 2. It involved tariff protection for the manufacturing of consumer goods. 3. It allowed free import of competing goods to encourage efficiency. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the poverty trends in Pakistan, consider the following statements: 1. The proportion of the poor declined from the 1960s to the 1980s. 2. The proportion of the poor started rising again in the recent decades (post-1980s). 3. The official data of Pakistan indicates a consistent decline in poverty since independence. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements about the "One-child norm" in China is correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the pre-reform achievements in China: 1. There was a massive extension of basic health services in rural areas. 2. The commune system ensured a more equitable distribution of food grains. 3. These interventions created a strong support base for subsequent reforms. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which one of the following has historically been a significant source of foreign exchange earnings for the Pakistani economy?
With reference to the "Dual Pricing" system in China, consider the following statements: 1. It was part of the reform process. 2. Inputs and outputs were transacted only at market prices. 3. Over the years, the proportion of goods transacted in the market increased. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding Pakistan's industrial policy shifts: 1. In the 1970s, the policy orientation shifted towards the nationalisation of capital goods industries. 2. In the late 1970s and 1980s, the policy shifted towards denationalisation. 3. During the denationalisation phase, the government stopped offering incentives to the private sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The "Great Leap Forward" campaign in China was initiated in which year?
With reference to the reasons for China's economic reforms in 1978, consider the following statements: 1. The leadership was unhappy with the slow pace of growth under Maoist rule. 2. They felt that the vision of self-sufficiency and shunning foreign technology had failed. 3. The reforms were driven by a severe balance of payments crisis similar to India's. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the "One-child norm" and its consequences in China: 1. It arrested the growth of the population. 2. It led to a decline in the sex ratio. 3. It will result in fewer elderly people in proportion to young people in the future. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In which year was the People's Republic of China established?
Demographic data indicates that out of every six persons living in the world:
"State Owned Enterprises" (SOEs) in China are equivalent to which of the following in India?
Consider the following statements regarding the shift of workforce and output in India, China, and Pakistan: 1. In the normal course of development, countries shift employment and output from agriculture to industry and then to services. 2. China has followed the classical development pattern of shifting from agriculture to industry and then to services. 3. In India and Pakistan, the shift of workforce has taken place directly from agriculture to the service sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the reasons for the slow-down of growth in Pakistan's economy, consider the following statements: 1. Agricultural growth was based on good harvests rather than institutionalised technical change. 2. There was an over-dependence on foreign loans and difficulty in paying them back. 3. Foreign exchange earnings were highly stable due to the export of manufactured goods. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the "Special Economic Zones" (SEZs) set up in China?
With reference to the pre-reform period in China, consider the following statements: 1. The per capita grain output in 1978 was significantly higher than in the mid-1950s due to extensive land reforms. 2. The establishment of infrastructure in education and health helped improve social indicators in the post-reform period. 3. There was equitable distribution of food grains through the commune system. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the role of remittances in Pakistan's economy: 1. Pakistan received financial support from western nations and remittances from emigrants to the Middle-east. 2. These remittances helped stimulate economic growth in the late 1970s and 1980s. 3. Over-dependence on remittances is cited as one of the reasons for the slowdown of the Pakistan economy. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the "One-child norm" in China, consider the following statements: 1. It led to a decline in the sex ratio, biasing it against females. 2. It has resulted in a situation where there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. 3. Due to these implications, China allowed couples to have two children. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?