With reference to the "One-child norm" in China, consider the following statements: 1. It led to a decline in the sex ratio, biasing it against females. 2. It has resulted in a situation where there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. 3. Due to these implications, China allowed couples to have two children. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Option The correct option is 1, 2 and 3. Explanation China's "One-Child Policy" was implemented in 1979 to curb rapid population growth. While it successfully slowed population expansion, it created significant long-term demographic distortions, including gender imbalances and an aging workforce, which eventually necessitated policy reversals. Statement-wise Analysis - Statement 1 is Correct: The strict enforcement of the one-child norm, combined with a traditional cultural preference for sons, led to widespread sex-selective abortions and female infanticide. This resulted in a severely skewed sex ratio with a significant surplus of males compared to females. - Statement 2 is Correct: The policy caused a rapid decline in the fertility rate. As a result, the population structure shifted towards an inverted pyramid, characterized by a shrinking workforce and a growing proportion of elderly dependents. This phenomenon is often referred to as the "4-2-1" problem (four grandparents and two parents dependent on one child). - Statement 3 is Correct: Acknowledging the adverse economic and social impacts-specifically the shrinking labor force, the burden of an aging population, and the gender imbalance-the Chinese government officially ended the one-child policy. It allowed couples to have two children starting in 2016, and further relaxed the limit to three children in 2021. Key Takeaway Key Takeaway: Artificial population control measures like the One-Child Policy can lead to unintended demographic consequences, such as a skewed sex ratio and a rapid increase in the dependency ratio due to population aging, forcing eventual policy reversals.

With reference to the "One-child norm"… - NCERT Class 11 Economics MCQ

NCERT Class 11 Economics — Chapter 9: Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours

mcqmedium

With reference to the "One-child norm" in China, consider the following statements:

It led to a decline in the sex ratio, biasing it against females.
It has resulted in a situation where there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people.
Due to these implications, China allowed couples to have two children.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

NCERT textbook question

From NCERT Indian Economic Development · Page 137

Options

A1 and 3 only
B2 only
C1, 2 and 3
D1 and 2 only

Did you get this right?

Solution

Correct Option

The correct option is 1, 2 and 3.

Explanation

China's "One-Child Policy" was implemented in 1979 to curb rapid population growth. While it successfully slowed population expansion, it created significant long-term demographic distortions, including gender imbalances and an aging workforce, which eventually necessitated policy reversals.

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: The strict enforcement of the one-child norm, combined with a traditional cultural preference for sons, led to widespread sex-selective abortions and female infanticide. This resulted in a severely skewed sex ratio with a significant surplus of males compared to females.
Statement 2 is Correct: The policy caused a rapid decline in the fertility rate. As a result, the population structure shifted towards an inverted pyramid, characterized by a shrinking workforce and a growing proportion of elderly dependents. This phenomenon is often referred to as the "4-2-1" problem (four grandparents and two parents dependent on one child).
Statement 3 is Correct: Acknowledging the adverse economic and social impacts-specifically the shrinking labor force, the burden of an aging population, and the gender imbalance-the Chinese government officially ended the one-child policy. It allowed couples to have two children starting in 2016, and further relaxed the limit to three children in 2021.

Key Takeaway

Key Takeaway: Artificial population control measures like the One-Child Policy can lead to unintended demographic consequences, such as a skewed sex ratio and a rapid increase in the dependency ratio due to population aging, forcing eventual policy reversals.

Your note

More from Chapter 9: Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours

With reference to the introduction of the Green Revolution in Pakistan, consider the following statements: 1. It led to mechanisation in select areas. 2. It resulted in an increase in public investment in infrastructure. 3. It caused a decline in the production of foodgrains due to a focus on cash crops. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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With reference to the reasons for China's economic reforms in 1978, consider the following statements: 1. The leadership was unhappy with the slow pace of growth under Maoist rule. 2. They felt that the vision of self-sufficiency and shunning foreign technology had failed. 3. The reforms were driven by a severe balance of payments crisis similar to India's. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Which of the following is NOT considered a "Liberty Indicator"?

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What was the primary factor responsible for the significant decline in China's population growth rate in the late 1970s?

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Consider the following statements regarding the pre-reform achievements in China: 1. There was a massive extension of basic health services in rural areas. 2. The commune system ensured a more equitable distribution of food grains. 3. These interventions created a strong support base for subsequent reforms. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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