The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-76) was a massive socio-political movement in the People's Republic of China, launched to preserve Communist ideology by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society.
Statement 1: Correct. The revolution was officially launched by Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party of China, in May 1966. He mobilized the youth (Red Guards) to attack "revisionists" and revive the revolutionary spirit.
Statement 2: Incorrect. The Cultural Revolution was characterized by extreme ideological rigidity, xenophobia, and isolationism. It did not aim to attract foreign professionals; rather, it persecuted intellectuals and those with foreign connections. The policy of opening up to foreign investment and professionals began later with the Economic Reforms of 1978 under Deng Xiaoping.
Statement 3: Correct. A defining feature of this period was the "Down to the Countryside Movement." Millions of urban students, intellectuals, and professionals were sent to rural areas to work in the fields and "learn from the peasants." This was intended to bridge the urban-rural divide and suppress potential intellectual dissent.
Key Takeaway: The Great Leap Forward (1958) focused on rapid industrialization (e.g., backyard furnaces), whereas the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) focused on ideological purity and involved the mass relocation of urban professionals to the countryside.