Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
With reference to the definition of ‘workers’ in the Indian economy, consider the following statements: 1. Self-employed individuals are considered workers in the Indian economy. 2. A person temporarily abstaining from work due to illness is excluded from the worker category. 3. Those who help main workers in economic activities without receiving direct payment are included in the category of workers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Worker-Population Ratio’ in India: 1. It is defined as the total population divided by the number of workers. 2. The worker-population ratio is generally higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. 3. A higher ratio indicates that a greater proportion of the population is actively contributing to the production of goods and services. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the concepts of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP), consider the following statements: 1. GNP is calculated by deducting the value of exports from the GDP. 2. GDP is the total money value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a year. 3. The net earning from foreign transactions is always positive for a developing country like India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the participation of women in the workforce in India: 1. Women constitute the majority of the workforce in rural India. 2. The worker-population ratio for women is significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. 3. Many household activities performed by women are not recognised as productive work, leading to an underestimation of women workers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the status of employment in India, consider the following statements: 1. Regular salaried employment is the major source of livelihood for the majority of the workforce. 2. Self-employment constitutes a larger share of the workforce than regular salaried employment. 3. Casual wage labourers are the most vulnerable category of workers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of ‘Casualisation of Workforce’?
Which one of the following sectors provides the highest share of employment to the Indian workforce?
With reference to the classification of the workforce into formal and informal sectors in India, consider the following statements: 1. All public sector establishments are considered part of the formal sector. 2. Private sector establishments are considered formal only if they employ 50 or more hired workers. 3. The informal sector excludes all self-employed persons. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the benefits enjoyed by workers in the formal sector: 1. They are entitled to social security benefits such as provident fund and gratuity. 2. Workers in the formal sector are barred from forming trade unions. 3. Their wages are generally higher than those in the informal sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The term ‘Jobless Growth’ in the context of the Indian economy refers to:
Consider the following statements regarding ‘Disguised Unemployment’: 1. It refers to a situation where people are willing to work but cannot find jobs. 2. It is most commonly observed in the agricultural sector in rural areas. 3. Even if some workers are withdrawn, the total production does not fall. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to ‘Seasonal Unemployment’, consider the following statements: 1. It occurs because work in agriculture is not available throughout the year. 2. It is a phenomenon exclusively found in the urban industrial sector. 3. It prevents people from migrating to other areas in search of work. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following terms describes the practice where a big firm closes its specialist departments and hands over small piecemeal jobs to small enterprises or individuals?
In the context of the Indian economy, which sector accounts for the largest share of the female workforce?
With reference to the distribution of workforce by region (Rural vs Urban), consider the following statements: 1. The majority of India's workforce resides in rural areas. 2. In urban areas, the primary sector is the largest employer. 3. In rural areas, the primary sector employs the largest share of the workforce. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the growth of the Service Sector in India: 1. The service sector has seen a sharp decline in its share of employment. 2. Many new jobs in the service sector are being created in the informal sector. 3. The expansion of the service sector has been accompanied by a shift towards informal employment. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the trend of ‘Informalisation’ in India? 1. The formal sector has successfully absorbed the entire growing labour force. 2. The proportion of workers in the informal sector has remained high despite economic growth. 3. Informal sector workers generally receive regular income and social security benefits.
With reference to government initiatives for employment generation, consider the following statements: 1. Direct employment generation occurs when the government employs people in administrative departments and public enterprises. 2. Indirect employment generation occurs only when the government hires workers directly. 3. Employment generation is often a key component of poverty alleviation programmes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What is the primary reason for the high concentration of the female workforce in the primary sector in India?
Activities which contribute to the Gross National Product are called:
With reference to the net earning from foreign transactions, consider the following statements: 1. Net earnings from foreign transactions are always zero for an open economy. 2. It is negative if the value of imports exceeds the value of exports. 3. It is added to the Gross Domestic Product to arrive at the Gross National Product. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which one of the following is a significant factor contributing to the lower workforce participation rate of urban women compared to rural women in India?
Consider the following statements regarding self-employment in India: 1. In rural areas, the majority of the workforce consists of landless casual labourers. 2. Self-employed workers are found more in rural areas than in urban areas. 3. In urban areas, everyone runs their own shops or offices. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The shift of the workforce from agriculture to industry and services is a characteristic of:
Which characteristic of casual wage labourers makes them the most vulnerable segment of the workforce?
Which one of the following is NOT typically classified as a distinct major industrial division in standard economic classifications?
The term "Squatters" in the context of the informal sector refers to:
With reference to the definition of unemployment by the National Statistical Office (NSO), consider the following statements: 1. It includes those who are not working due to lack of work. 2. It excludes those who seek work through employment exchanges. 3. It includes those who express their willingness for work under prevailing conditions. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements distinguishing Open Unemployment and Disguised Unemployment: 1. Open unemployment refers to people working at lower wages than their capability. 2. Disguised unemployment occurs when more people are engaged in a job than required. 3. Open unemployment is more common in urban areas, while disguised unemployment is prevalent in agriculture. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The phenomenon of rural workers migrating to urban areas and returning to villages during the rainy season is primarily driven by:
In an economic sense, the concept of "earning a living" is best defined as:
In which one of the following sectors is the gender disparity in workforce participation most pronounced, with a high concentration of women?
The process where a marginal farmer becomes a full-time agricultural labourer is an example of:
Which of the following are characteristics of the Informal Sector in India? Statements: 1. Use of outdated technology. 2. Absence of account maintenance. 3. Regular income for workers. 4. Lack of protection from labour laws.
The practice of ‘Outsourcing’ has resulted in:
Which one of the following mechanisms represents the government's indirect generation of employment?
Workers who are engaged by an enterprise and paid wages on a regular basis are known as:
Workers who own and operate an enterprise to earn their livelihood are known as:
Which category of workers accounts for the largest share of India's workforce?
Consider the following statements regarding the economic contribution of women: 1. Women working at home without pay are not regarded as contributing to the Gross National Product. 2. Economists argue that women working at home should be considered as engaged in economic activity. 3. The narrow definition of work leads to an overestimation of the number of women workers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Trade unions are a characteristic feature of which sector?
What was the impact of the economic reform process initiated in the early 1990s on the formal sector employment?
The situation where people cannot remain completely unemployed for very long because of desperate economic conditions is characteristic of:
In urban areas, which sector is the main source of employment?
With reference to the composition of the Informal Sector, consider the following statements: 1. It includes millions of farmers and agricultural labourers. 2. It includes owners of small enterprises and the self-employed who do not have hired workers. 3. It excludes non-farm casual wage labourers who work for more than one employer. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following activities is NOT included in the Primary Sector?