The genes, located outside of nucleus (i.e., within the cytoplasm) also governs some traits, are referred to as plasmogenes or cytoplasmic genes. Cytoplasmic male sterility (i.e., dominance of female cytoplasmic genes over male) is due to plasmogenes located in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Related Theory Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. Male sterile plants produce no functional pollen, but do produce viable eggs. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid seed. Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically different lines; such seeds usually result in larger, more vigorous plants. Caution Chloroplast do not contribute to Cytoplasmic male sterility in plants. Students consider it as a correct option as it is also semi autonomous organelle and present in plants. However, DNA in plants majorly contains genes for thylakoid proteins and RuBisCO.