Access to public places of commercial and recreational use
Explanation
Article 15 of the Constitution of India prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. While Article 15(1) restricts the State, Article 15(2) specifically prohibits discrimination by both the State and private individuals regarding access to certain public spaces and amenities.
Detailed Analysis:
- Private residential properties is Incorrect: Article 15(2) does not apply to private residential properties. It is restricted to spaces that are either maintained by State funds or dedicated to the use of the general public (like wells, tanks, bathing ghats) and commercial establishments open to the public.
- Access to public places of commercial and recreational use is Correct: Article 15(2)Private residential properties explicitly mandates that no citizen shall be subject to any disability or restriction with regard to access to shops, public restaurants, hotels, and places of public entertainment. These constitute public places of commercial and recreational use.
- Inner sanctums of all religious institutions is Incorrect: Access to religious institutions is primarily governed by Article 25(2)Access to public places of commercial and recreational use, which allows the State to throw open Hindu religious institutions of a public character to all classes and sections of Hindus. Article 15(2) does not explicitly mention religious institutions or inner sanctums in its text.
- Strategic defence establishments is Incorrect: Fundamental rights are not absolute. Access to strategic defence establishments is restricted in the interest of national security and sovereignty, and Article 15 does not override these security protocols.
Key Takeaway:
Article 15(2) provides a specific guarantee against discrimination in accessing shops, public restaurants, hotels, and places of public entertainment, ensuring equal access to public commercial and recreational spaces.