The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Constitutive rules are the foundational guidelines that define the essential nature of a social or political entity. Analogous to the rules of a game (such as football) which define the game itself, constitutive rules define the fundamental identity and structure of a society.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Constitutive rules define the fundamental nature of a society. They distinguish one society from another by establishing the core principles upon which the polity functions. For example, a shift from a monarchy to a democracy requires a change in the constitutive rules to reflect the new political nature.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Constitutive rules are not temporary regulations that change with every election. Unlike ordinary laws or policies that a government may alter frequently, constitutive rules provide a stable and enduring framework (often codified in a Constitution) that binds the society together over the long term.
- Statement 3 is Correct: In modern large societies, which often consist of diverse communities, these rules are typically formulated through consensus. This consensus is usually documented in a written form known as the Constitution, which serves as the supreme law of the land.
Key Takeaway:
A Constitution embodies the constitutive rules of a nation, defining its fundamental political nature and structure, and is established through consensus rather than transient political mandates.