Correct Option
The correct option is A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3.
Explanation
The Constitution of India is defined by specific structural features that determine the distribution of power, the nature of governance, and the protection of individual liberties. These features ensure a balance between authority and accountability.
Statement-wise Analysis
- A. Federalism (Matches 2): Federalism is characterized by the existence of more than one level of government. In the Indian context, this refers to the division of powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
- B. Parliamentary Form (Matches 4): In a parliamentary system, the government is formed by elected representatives who are accountable to the people. The executive is responsible to the legislature, ensuring democratic accountability.
- C. Separation of Powers (Matches 1): This doctrine implies that the three organs of the state-Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary-have distinct jurisdictions. Through a system of checks and balances, each organ acts as a check on the others to prevent the concentration and abuse of power.
- D. Fundamental Rights (Matches 3): Fundamental Rights (Part III of the Constitution) act as limitations on the powers of the State. They protect citizens against the arbitrary and absolute exercise of state power, safeguarding individual liberty.
Key Takeaway
Federalism relates to the vertical division of power (levels of government), whereas Separation of Powers relates to the horizontal distribution of functions. The Parliamentary system ensures executive accountability, and Fundamental Rights provide a shield against state tyranny.