Motilal Nehru and eight other Congress leaders
Explanation
The 1928 draft constitution, historically known as the Nehru Report, represented the first major attempt by Indians to draft a constitutional framework for the country. This initiative was a direct response to the challenge posed by Lord Birkenhead, the Secretary of State for India, who claimed that Indian political leaders were unable to agree on a common constitution.
Detailed Analysis:
- Motilal Nehru and eight other Congress leaders is Correct: In 1928, an All Parties Conference appointed a committee to draft a constitution. This committee was chaired by Motilal Nehru and included eight other members representing various interests, such as Tej Bahadur Sapru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Sir Ali Imam, and others. The report submitted by this committee is the Nehru Report.
- B.R. Ambedkar and the Drafting Committee is Incorrect: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee appointed by the Constituent Assembly on August 29, 1947, to draft the Constitution of independent India. He was not the author of the 1928 draft.
- Jawaharlal Nehru and the Socialist Congress wing is Incorrect: While Jawaharlal Nehru served as the Secretary of the committee, the initiative is primarily attributed to Motilal Nehru and the collective All Parties Conference, not specifically the Socialist wing alone.
- Mahatma Gandhi and the Working Committee is Incorrect: Mahatma Gandhi was a central figure in the freedom struggle but was not the primary drafter of the 1928 constitutional proposal.
Key Takeaway:
The Nehru Report (1928) was prepared by a committee headed by Motilal Nehru. It advocated for Dominion Status and listed 19 Fundamental Rights, significantly influencing the eventual Constitution of India.