Correct Option
The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The longevity and acceptance of the Indian Constitution are attributed to the legitimacy of the Constituent Assembly and the inclusive nature of the drafting process. Unlike many post-colonial nations where constitutions were rewritten due to social unrest, the Indian Constitution has remained the supreme law of the land for over seven decades.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Constitution expresses a broad consensus of its time. Despite the diverse ideologies present in the Constituent Assembly, the members engaged in constructive debates to arrive at decisions that reflected the collective will of the nation, rather than the narrow interests of a specific group.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: A hallmark of the Indian Constitution’s success is that no large social group or political party has ever questioned the legitimacy of the Constitution itself. While there have been disagreements over specific provisions or amendments, the fundamental authority of the document has never been challenged by any major section of Indian society.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Although the Constituent Assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies (and not by universal adult franchise), it ensured fair geographical representation. Seats were allotted to British Indian provinces and Princely States in proportion to their population, ensuring that members from all regions of India participated in the drafting process.
Key Takeaway:
The Indian Constitution is accepted today because it represents a foundational national consensus and was drafted by a body that, despite the lack of direct elections, was socially and geographically representative of India.