All persons are equal before the law regardless of their status.
Explanation
The 'Rule of Law' is a foundational doctrine in the Indian Constitution, primarily embodied in Article 14. Derived from A.V. Dicey’s principles, it implies the supremacy of law, equality before the law, and the absence of arbitrary power. In the Indian context, it ensures that the Constitution and the laws of the land are supreme over any individual or authority.
Option Analysis:
- Laws are applicable based on the social standing of the individual. is Incorrect: The Rule of Law mandates that laws apply equally to all individuals, irrespective of their social, economic, or political standing. It specifically negates special privileges based on status.
- Government officials enjoy absolute immunity from legal proceedings. is Incorrect: While certain constitutional functionaries (like the President or Governors) have limited procedural immunities under Article 361, government officials generally do not enjoy absolute immunity. They are accountable under the law for their official and personal acts. Absolute immunity contradicts the principle that no one is above the law.
- All persons are equal before the law regardless of their status. is Correct: This statement accurately reflects the core tenet of Equality before Law (Article 14). It ensures the equal subjection of all classes to the ordinary law of the land administered by ordinary law courts. No person is above the law.
- Customary laws of the majority supersede statutory laws. is Incorrect: In the Indian constitutional scheme, the Constitution is the supreme law. While customs are recognized sources of law, they cannot supersede statutory laws or Fundamental Rights if they are inconsistent with them (Article 13).
Key Takeaway:
The 'Rule of Law' under Article 14 guarantees Equality before Law and Equal Protection of the Laws, ensuring that the law is supreme and applies indiscriminately to every citizen.