All of the above
Explanation
Fundamental Rights, enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution (Articles 12–35), are justiciable rights that protect individuals against arbitrary state action. A violation of specific provisions within these articles constitutes a violation of Fundamental Rights.
Analysis of the Scenarios:
- Scenario A 13-year-old child employed in a hazardous factory: Correct. Article 24 explicitly prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in any factory, mine, or other hazardous activities. Employing a 13-year-old in a hazardous factory is a direct violation of the Right against Exploitation.
- Scenario A state government restricting the entry of labourers from other states: Correct. Article 19(1)All of the above guarantees the right to move freely throughout the territory of India, and Article 19(1)(e) guarantees the right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India. While reasonable restrictions can be imposed in the interest of the general public or for the protection of Scheduled Tribes, a general restriction by a state government on the entry of laborers from other states violates the Right to Freedom.
- Scenario A linguistic minority group being denied permission to establish an educational institution: Correct. Article 30(1) grants all minorities, whether based on religion or language, the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. Denying a linguistic minority group permission to establish such an institution violates Cultural and Educational Rights.
Since all three scenarios represent infringements of specific constitutional provisions under Part III, All of the above is the correct answer.
Key Takeaway: Fundamental Rights protect against exploitation (Article 24), ensure freedom of movement (Article 19), and safeguard the rights of minorities to establish educational institutions (Article 30).