The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The Preamble to the Constitution of India secures to all its citizens Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship. In a constitutional context, "Liberty" signifies the absence of unreasonable restraints on the activities of individuals, while simultaneously providing opportunities for the development of individual personalities. However, this liberty is not absolute; it is qualified and subject to reasonable restrictions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Preamble explicitly guarantees Liberty of thought. The Constitution does not impose restrictions on the internal process of thinking. Restrictions are generally applicable to the expression of thoughts or actions resulting from them, not on the thoughts themselves.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Liberty implies that there are no unreasonable restrictions on how citizens wish to express their thoughts. This aligns with the freedom of speech and expression guaranteed under Article 19, which allows expression subject only to reasonable restrictions (e.g., sovereignty, public order).
- Statement 3 is Correct. Liberty also implies the absence of unreasonable restrictions on the way citizens wish to follow up their thoughts in action. This encompasses the freedom to act upon one's beliefs, faith, and worship, provided such actions do not violate the law or the rights of others.
Key Takeaway
Liberty in the Preamble refers to the freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship. It is not a license to do whatever one likes; rather, it ensures the absence of unreasonable restrictions while remaining subject to constitutional limitations.