Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 4 only.
Explanation
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body constituted under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It serves as a watchdog for the protection of human rights in the country, functioning independently of the government.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The NHRC is not a constitutional body. It is a statutory body established in 1993 under the legislation enacted by Parliament, namely, the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (amended in 2006 and 2019).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The functions of the commission are mainly recommendatory in nature. It has no power to punish the violators of human rights, nor can it award any monetary relief to the victim. It recommends steps to the concerned government or authority.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Commission has wide powers to inquire into human rights violations. It can inquire suo motu (on its own motion) or on a petition presented to it by a victim or any person on their behalf. It has its own investigation staff for making independent inquiries.
- Statement 4 is Correct: The Commission is a multi-member body consisting of a Chairperson and other members. The members include serving or retired Judges of the Supreme Court, serving or retired Chief Justices of High Courts, and persons (eminent citizens) having knowledge or practical experience with respect to human rights.
Key Takeaway: The NHRC is a statutory, recommendatory body with the power to investigate human rights violations but lacks the authority to enforce penal actions or award binding compensation.