Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1966. It commits its parties to work toward the granting of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR) to individuals. In the Indian context, these rights are largely reflected in the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV) of the Constitution.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Article 6 of the ICESCR explicitly recognizes the right to work, which includes the right of everyone to the opportunity to gain his living by work which he freely chooses or accepts.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Covenant does not exclude social security; rather, Article 9 explicitly recognizes the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Article 11 of the ICESCR recognizes the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing, and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions.
Key Takeaway
The ICESCR mandates the protection of socio-economic rights such as the right to work, fair wages, social security, health, and education, which parallels the objectives of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution.