The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The "Right against Exploitation" is enshrined in Articles 23 and 24 of the Constitution of India. These articles provide safeguards to protect the dignity and freedom of individuals against exploitation by the State or private entities.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Article 23 prohibits "traffic in human beings and begar and other similar forms of forced labour." The expression "traffic in human beings" includes the buying and selling of men, women, and children like commodities, as well as immoral trafficking in women and children.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 in factories, mines, or hazardous employment. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016 prohibits the employment of children (under 14 years) in all occupations and processes. However, it provides a specific exception: a child is permitted to help his or her family or family enterprise (in non-hazardous occupations) after school hours or during vacations. Thus, it does not prohibit work in family businesses entirely.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Article 23 prohibits forced labor, which includes begar (compulsory work without remuneration) and bonded labor. The Supreme Court has interpreted Article 23 to include situations where a person is forced to work for less than the minimum wage due to economic compulsion.
Key Takeaway:
Article 23 deals with human trafficking and forced labor for all citizens, while Article 24 specifically addresses child labor. While child labor is banned in most forms, exceptions exist for helping in family enterprises in non-hazardous sectors outside school hours.