The correct option is A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
Explanation
The Constitution of India is often described as a "bag of borrowings" because its framers drew inspiration from various global constitutions and historical events to suit India's specific needs. This question tests the knowledge of these external sources.Item-wise Analysis:
- A. Ideals of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity (France): The ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution were inspired by the French Revolution (1789–1799) and the French Constitution.
- B. Practice of Parliamentary Democracy (Britain): The Indian parliamentary system is largely based on the British "Westminster model." Features such as the parliamentary form of government, the rule of law, legislative procedure, single citizenship, the cabinet system, and bicameralism are borrowed from the British Constitution.
- C. Bill of Rights (US): The concept of Fundamental Rights (Part III of the Indian Constitution) is derived from the American Constitution, specifically the US Bill of Rights. Other features like the independence of the judiciary, judicial review, and the impeachment of the President are also borrowed from the US.
- D. Socialist Revolution (Russia): The ideal of justice (social, economic, and political) in the Preamble was inspired by the Russian Revolution (1917) and the Constitution of the former USSR.
Key Takeaway: The Indian Constitution synthesizes global democratic principles: Britain provided the structural framework (Parliamentary system), the US provided the guarantee of rights (Fundamental Rights), France inspired the ideals of liberty and fraternity, and Russia inspired the ideals of socio-economic justice.